Pocahontas †Cultural Anthropology Free Essays

Composing Assignment #1: The Cultural Construction of the Idea of Progress Film picked: Pocahontas One of Walt Disney’s most well known movies, Pocahontas, happens during the 1600s, as the British find portions of the â€Å"New World† that are occupied by local Americans. In this film, we can differentiate the crude way of life and culture of the Native Americans to that of the British, and can perceive how the thoughts of â€Å"progress† or social development assume a job in the ethnocentric predisposition held by the Westerners during this time, making the crude generalizations be assembled. Disney utilizes the structure of the characters themselves-what they wear, how they talk, what they eat, what they have faith in, and so forth. We will compose a custom paper test on Pocahontas †Cultural Anthropology or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now ; and the plot line of the film, to portray the social development of the possibility of â€Å"progress†, and inspire the restricting thoughts of the â€Å"primitive other† and â€Å"civilized self†. This film opens demonstrating us the life of the British as they board the boat and keeping in mind that they’re cruising adrift. Disney begins with the British since we as westerners identify with the British, and consider their to be of life as ordinary and humanized. We promptly identify with the shade of their skin, their westernized garments, the manner in which they talk, and the innovation they approach as well. While on the vessel, John Smith (the male hero) alludes to the Native American Indians as â€Å"savages† who ought to be slaughtered in the event that they disrupt the general flow. This gives us a sneak top into the mentality of the British and how adversely they see the Native Americans. Leaving us with the conviction that the Indians are savages, Disney at that point presents Pocahontas (the female hero) and the Indian clan that has been living in the New World. Promptly we are presented to the crude way of life of the Indians. We see that their method of voyaging is by wooden kayaks, their apparel comprise of an earthy colored material that covers almost no while they additionally don't have on shoes, they live in tents, and have only nature at it’s most perfect structure encompassing them. We see the ladies out in the fields gathering corn by hand, while the men are getting back home from fight, with just withdraws from and lances for weapons. The underlying response to seeing the way of life and lifestyle among the Indians is to consider them to be â€Å"uncivilized† and â€Å"savage†, similarly as John Smith was stating on the pontoon. Anyway all through the film Disney starts to challenge this conviction and gives us that the westerner’s lifestyle may not be the most ideal lifestyle for everybody. Up until this point, John Smith and the remainder of the English men had been finding new places and discovering Native American’s that had been living for a long time on these remote terrains. The Europeans consistently considered these to be as uncouth, brutal savages, who should have been dominated and â€Å"westernized†. John Smith says something to Pocahontas about how they could improve the Indians life, and fabricate them streets and tall structures, and show them how to â€Å"make the vast majority of their land†. This is an ideal case of the ethnocentric predisposition mindset of the Europeans. They not even once thought about that somebody else’s method of living and culture could really be an effective. They felt that their way was the most ideal way, and whatever else was only an immature, savage way of life that expected to advance into the westernized way of life. After John Smith offers this remark about â€Å"bettering the Indian’s life styles† Pocahontas is profoundly insulted and continues to sing the well known melody, The Colors of the Wind. In this melody Pocahontas gets down on John Smith about his ethnocentric position and gives him her perspective, in singing: â€Å"You think you own whatever land you land on, The earth is only a dead thing you can guarantee, But I know each rock and tree and animal, Has a real existence, has a soul, has a name. You think the main individuals who are individuals, Are the individuals who look and think like you, But in the event that you walk the strides of an outsider, You’ll learn things you never realized you never knew. † For the first run through John Smith starts to tune in to Pocahontas and acknowledges how uninformed him and his team have been to figure they can guarantee any land they run over, rewarding the locals like wild brutes. This time the Europeans have looked downward on the crude culture of the locals, imagining that they were sub-human, and should have been supported and restrained simply like creatures; anyway at this time John Smith see’s the free soul in Pocahontas, and he appreciates her association with the nature all around her. He starts to see that the Natives are simply typical individuals in their normal component, a flourishing off of their general surroundings, with no need of innovation, or any of the headways the westerners were bringing to the New World. Generally speaking, Disney’s film, Pocahontas, makes a superb showing differentiating the way of life of the â€Å"primitive other† and â€Å"civilized self† with Pocahontas and the Indians as the crude other and John Smith and the Europeans as the edified self. We can see through the Europeans, their ethnocentrism, and their guileless mentalities that persuades they own whatever land they land on and can treat the locals anyway they need. Disney anyway plays out this film in a manner to give us his view on this ethnocentric predisposition and how he trusts it to not be right and unlawful. He makes the watcher side with the Indians and depicts the Indians as the heroes and the Europeans as the miscreants. Disney was attempting to communicate something specific that this whiteness perspective isn't generally right and can at times carry mischief to others in any event, when its not purposeful. Works Cited: Pocahontas. Walt Disney Feature Animation, 1995. Film. Seriff, Suzanne. â€Å"Cultural Anthropology: ANT 302. † University of Texas. Spring 2013. Step by step instructions to refer to Pocahontas †Cultural Anthropology, Papers

Essay --

In the realm of mainstream society, individuals admire a horde of intriguing, gifted, and motivating people groups who impact the world. Artists, on-screen characters, competitors, big names, they all are important supporters of mainstream society. Individuals admire them, examine them, and read articles about them. The media gives these people groups questions, praises, and analysis. No other story is as motivating as the narrative of a timid young lady, brought into the world under the name of Diana Spencer, who turned into an image of liberality, shrewdness, harmony, and love for the world. Princess Diana, who wedded into the Royal Family, was one of the most persuasive and well known individuals in this world. Conceived on July 1, 1961, in Sandringham England, a little town in the province of Norfolk known distinctly for the Sandringham House, â€Å"a most loved occasion home to Queen Elizabeth II and a few of her predecessors†,(Sandringham, p.1) Diana went to an all girls’ school, and afterward moved to a government funded school. She bombed her O-levels twice and was not considered scholastically solid. Nonetheless, Diana was viewed as near eminence, for she and her family had collaborated every now and again with them. Diana grew up playing with Prince Andrew and Prince Edward, the more youthful kin of Prince Charles. Intrigued by music and moving, and a young lady with a fantasy â€Å"to become an expert ballerina†(Diana, Princess of Whales p.1) Diana was incredibly saddened when her folks isolated. Set in the authority of her dad, who earned the acclaimed title of â€Å"Earl Spencer† in 1975, Diana earned another title as he did, and got known as â€Å"Lad y Diana Spencer† in her childhood. Woman Diana Spencer went to Riddlesworth Hall before boarding at West Health School, and went to the Swiss completing school, the Institute Aplin ... ...ring came to Diana, who kept her title â€Å"Princess†, much after the separation, the evening of August 30th, 1997. She passed on in an appalling auto collision with current sweetheart Dodi Al-Fayed. The driver of the vehicle was affected by liquor, and was being sought after by picture takers that night. Al Fayed and the driver kicked the bucket upon sway. Diana kicked the bucket a couple of hours after the fact. Significantly after her passing, her liberality and works were proceeded. A tribute to Diana’s commitments was taken care of through the Landmine tab of 1998 and the Ottawa Treaty in 1997. Both of these archives were about landmines and followed Diana’s sees on them. After her passing, Diana’s inheritance was proceeded by the Diana, Princess of Whales Memorial Fund which â€Å"supports the wiped out in Africa, helps displaced people, and stops landmines.† (Biography Online, p.2) Diana, the People’s Princess, will live on in people’s hearts until the end of time.

The Muti Water Project

The Muti Water Project If some of you have been reading the blogs for a while, then you may know about the Muti Water Project, an initiative I had been busy working on since my sophomore year. I worked to design and build a longer lasting water source for a town, Muti, in my fathers home province, Kafa, where he went to middle school and where some of my relatives still live today. Ive written two blogs about it already, “A Story About Muti” and “Why is There No Water”. This was a long, arduous process, seriously affected by not only logistics, weather, and funding, but also politics. Several months of delays occurred due to the state of emergency announcement in Ethiopia in 2016. (You can get the full story in those two blog posts + this podcast). But finally, against many odds, the well is actually finished!!!! Photos of the well I received from our contractor (finishing touches of concrete being placed!) It was actually finished some months ago (last semester, November 2017) but today I woke up and realized that I’d left everyone hanging, without actually announcing this positive development (such MIT lol). Targeted Issues and Solutions In “Why is There No Water”, I’d highlighted some key qualitative issues I’d discovered from interviewing Muti residents. Children (as young as 5) are the ones who typically fetch water from rivers and streams. They can have lifetime health problems afterward a from carrying the heavy containers back and forth. People regularly die digging shared, shallow water wells either from collapses or lack of oxygen. Children have died or gotten injured from falling into said shallow wells (fortunately, not as often anymore because people are aware of this problem and small children are not sent to fetch water from wells) During the rainy season, there’s an increase of typhus/typhoid infection due to the rain and river-swelling problems I discussed earlier With this well, made with an AfriDev pump (the part of the well that will need the most maintenance and we sourced locally from within Ethiopia), several of these issues are addressed: Children (as young as 5) are the ones who fetch water Children, followed by women, are the household members most frequently tasked with obtaining water. This will probably still be true, and in some ways is actually intended with the development of this well (we placed the water source next to the primary school, so the youngest children attending school are closest to the clean water). But in addressing other issues, we hope access to water will be safer for these children. People regularly die digging shared, shallow water wells either from collapses or lack of oxygen. This is a problem with the construction of the well. Since this well was much larger in diameter than the shared, shallow wells people just make in their backyards with a shovel, the risk of asphyxiation from the digging process was lower. Additionally, the well was constructed in coalition with trained professionals (whereas wells people construct in their backyard are typically untrained local men, simply digging). This well was also lined with concrete during the construction process. Children have died or gotten injured from falling into said shallow wells and from typhus/typhoid infection The AfriDev pump is, on the one hand, simply necessary for this well, as it is much deeper than shallow backyard wells. But as a side effect, it is also much safer than an open cavity, which is how children can fall or be pulled into shallow wells by the weight of the water vessel (think rope-and-bucket that you pull to retrieve water). The depth of this well is also what makes the water clean, and prevents typhus/typhoid bacteria from inhabiting the water. This point is particularly counterintuitive for most Americanshow can digging into the ground, the dirt and soil, of all places, be clean? In fact, most of the things that make dirt dirty (bacteria, bugs, decaying debris) are in a thin, shallow layer close to the surface of the soil. This is very simple and obvious when you think about itmost living things (Typhoid bacteria included) need oxygen, and you can’t find much oxygen as you progress lower and lower into the ground. As an example, in natural disaster scenarios, temporary graves as shallow as just one meter below the surface are constructed to bury bodies while preventing decomposition, so they can later be withdrawn and identified (even “six feet under” would be overkill). This is why I chose this hand-dug well concept (over 15 meters, but under 30) for the Muti region. I knew it was simple enough that there were people (contractors and workers) who were familiar with how to construct this system with the parameters we specified, and in this particularly lush, rainy region, we didn’t need to go very deep. We simply needed to get away from the “dirty” dirt to the “clean” dirtsediment found in water at this depth is more or less larger chunks of whatever’s already in your fancy mineral water: possibly calcium and magnesium deposits, or other inorganic precipitates. No living, typhus-causing things! A Sustainable Solution In many ways, this is the beginning rather than the end. The real goal of this project was to try and see how long the water source would lastif we can beat 3-4 years without the well truly failing (a broken pump, as I mentioned, can easily be replaced) then I will consider the project a success, as the main issue we were trying to solve involved clean water sources frequently failing, going “dry” in as little as 3 months. That success would motivate further hand-dug well projects in the region, where right now spring protections are the default constructed water source. And the proliferation of hand-dug wells would hopefully continue to solve all the above problemsright now with this well, these water problems are solved mainly for those living nearest to the well, and the children at the school. The reasons why water sources can go “dry” are a whole other hydrology lesson, but the core of the issue is that, the water “table” (you can think of it as a line of water under the soil) is not perfectly flat or uniform. Sometimes, you may think you’ve hit the water table, but really, you’ve just hit a little pocket, which can actually become “dry”. In other situations, if your water sources conflict, you can end up “lowering” the water table in that area with frequent use. Sometimes, you can inadvertently turn one of your sources into a drain for another source, causing the first source you built to fail. Of course, there’s still not a great way to “x-ray the ground” which is a silly question I asked in a conversation with the incredible Professor Strzepek of the TATA Center. Professor Strzepek agreed to assist with this project (he provided the above graphic and taught me everything I know about water). Though it was cool to learn about this, I was a little dismayed: I did not have access to sophisticated surveying equipment, and there’s very little water data available about this region. I tried still, though, to make sure we made a good decision about the well location in a pretty hack-y way: with Google Maps. Google maps has some pretty neat features I learned about entirely while trying stuff for this project. For one, it allows you to view the elevation in these cool altitude plots collected from Google satellite data, where those curves in the photo represent a line of the same elevation (for those of you who’ve taken physics, it’s sort of like voltage potential rings). The map is also shaded for an intuitive visual effect. All the other wells are flagged, and the location next to the primary school is the star. Using this feature, I could at least feel mostly confident that the well was far enough from the other springs (and, importantly, not on a hill) so that any interference with the water table wouldn’t affect the life span of the well. Of course, if future sources are built in the next few years, this would need to be revisited. I also gained some intuition as to why the other spring protections failed. Spring protections have to be constructed where there is already surface water, which severely limits your options in location as you have to find a spring, creek, or river to work with. As you can see from the terrain diagram, many of the springs are at points of locally high elevationthey’re on hillsides. They’re also close togethersprings 3 and 4 in particular failed particularly fast, with spring 3 failing in only 3 months after it was constructed. You can see a little bit more clearly which water sources are likely to be inadvertent drains for other sources. Performing this project helped me understand water a lot better, but also opened my eyes to the problems engineering alone will never be able to solve. The village, Muti, has a local government and collects taxthe things governments do, in exchange for creating infrastructure. Clearly, in Muti and other rural areas, there is a disconnect between the resource collection and the infrastructure distribution. This can be for a variety of reasonsfarmers don’t have much tax to give, and infrastructure is especially hard and expensive to develop in this mountainous, rainy region with dense forest. There’s also a sort of exponential effect in infrastructure developmenta road makes it easier to transport materials, which in turn makes it easier to build roads. So, starting “from scratch” is especially difficult. Of course, there obviously might be issues in accountability or management at the resource-collection levelcorruption, incompetency, misunderstandingbut I want you to understand that this is not the only problem, as developing infrastructure in this area is a monumental task to begin with. All I can say, at the end of the day, is that this project was just a small drop in the ocean of what needs to be done, and which will hopefully happen in the future. As Ethiopia faces waves of economic, political, and technological changes, I hope to continue being a part of them! (those enough water puns for you? x)) 3 I made a small video of the whole experienceapologies for the low quality, but I hope you still find it a fun glimpse into life among my family in rural Ethiopia. Uncles, aunts, cousinsthey are the reason I had so much passion for this project. You can also see here the types of open, hole-in-the-ground wells that are common DIY kinds of solutions in the village, and how the final hand-dug well is much different from those! If there’s anything I’ve learned at MIT, and especially from this project, it’s that the only thing ever standing in our way is fearfear of failure. “I’m too young” or “I’m not wealthy enough” or “I don’t have the time” or even as basic and seemingly valid as “I don’t know how to do this” (I literally knew nothing about water before starting this project), these are all excuses we tell ourselves to let that fear fester and convince us we can’t do something. But if we are courageous enough to simply try, to work hard and be dedicated, you find that those obstacles slowly, surely fall away, until you’ve achieved incredible things. Thanks to everyone who supported me on this incredible journey, either as part of the project or just with your wonderful words of encouragement 3 Post Tagged #Muti Water Project

The Italian People, Culture and Cities in Movies,...

(1) How do the films discussed link the concepts of ‚crime’ and ‚travelling’? What makes travelling such an interesting phenomenon within the crime genre? Please also refer to the narrative structure of crime films. Travelling has used to be an activity that entirely differs from our everyday life, an escape in order to find authenticity. Travelling forces people from their comfort zones and lead to new emotions, new actions, new perceptions, acquired through the prism of another reality. For a long time it has been a privilege available only for a group of eligible. Not surprisingly, the idea of interconnectivity between â€Å"crime† and â€Å"travelling† is highly exploited in the movie industry exposing the gap between expectations and reality, between dream world and real world. Both the notion of crime and travelling are built around the idea of observing spaces and places, people and their actions with the possibility of expectations being destroyed at any moment. Often tourists try to plan their trips with the smallest details to avoid any unpredictable situation, especially nowadays in the time of the easy accessible images and reviews about destinations. They are very persistent in their attempts to establish an order on a world. Crime stories are also concerned with this idea. The most thrilling effect in movies can be achieved by putting crime and travelling into one story. When touristic stereotypes are destroyed, anticipated actions are not performed, seeming strongShow MoreRelatedReflection About Culture1438 Words   |  6 PagesWho am I? What is the different cultures I have been allured to and what is my culture? How did I grow up? These are questions we are acquired to answer when meeting someone. Learning about me is engrossing. I have been through different cultures that has shaped me into one unique person. Culture is defined as the â€Å"integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief and behavior that depends upon man’s capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations. It is also the customaryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Fibonacci Rabbits 1552 Words   |  7 Pages Leonardo Fibonacci was an Italian mathematician who lived from 1170 to 1240. While Fibonacci was growing up, he was sent to study mathematics with an Arab master. Once he finished studying, he began to travel to other countries to study their mathematics and calculations (Encyclopedia Britannica). In 1202, Fibonacci published his book that was entitled Liber Abaci or Book of the Counting. In this book, he used Hindu-Arabic numbers. This is the number system that we are using today. 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Knowing the history of many different things in the life is very important because of one sufficient and helpful reason; knowing the history helps in understanding the present and in building the future. There are a lot of subjects and things that people should know their history, such as the history of a country,Read More american character - then and now Essay2086 Words   |  9 Pagescrucible of the frontier the immigrants were Americanized, liberated, and fused into a mixed race, English in neither nationality nor characteristics† (Faragher 64). How exactly did American character form and what defines it? Turner answered this question with the T urner thesis, using the concept of the pioneer and the immigrants who followed him to explain the western frontier and its expansion (Faragher 70). 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Major Problem In American Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 948 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Modest Proposal Essay Did you like this example?   The one major problem in American society besides of course, the surprising amounts of murder and rape, domestic abuse, an influx of both legal and illegal immigrants, rising poverty levels, and the lack of quality health care is homosexuality. Homosexual marriages is an unprecedented offense because it interferes with the natural idea of heterosexual relationships and marriages. Americas homosexual population is estimated to be about 15% with a maximum margin of sampling error at  ±5%. Homosexuals are taking work opportunities that other Americans desperately need. By ridding the country of this menace, there will be more employment available to the public and will strengthen the economy. I propose, as a solution to this rising problem, that we make homosexual marriage illegal once again. The remaining homosexuals will be deported to concentrated encampments. There, the homosexuals will be put to work to make up for the economic costs that will amount in building these sites. I think the advantages and importance of this proposal outweighs the burdens and are of the highest importance. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Major Problem In American Society" essay for you Create order First, homosexual relationship are not complementary by nature because they cannot have children and are therefore undeserving of the word marriage. To get rid of the homoerotic public, America needs to show pride in its lasting natural marriages, like the 72-day marriage between Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries as well as Britney Spears 55-hour marriage to Jason Allen Alexander. Imagine how the institution of homosexual marriages is tainting this scared system. If homosexuals are given the freedom to marry, they will display their homosexuality more openly. Secondly, the institution of homosexual marriage would also permit homosexual couples to the adopt children. To develop best, children need two parents who could naturally produce children themselves; they need a fertile mother and a fertile father. Therefore, my definition of homosexual is inclusive of single prospective parents, infertile couples, and the elderly. Likewise, homosexual parents will develop homosexual children, just like all heterosexual parents develop heterosexual children. Thirdly, America is not known a country for change; women are still a mans rightful property, slavery is still tolerated, and divorce is still illegal. The institution of homosexual marriage would also require schools to promote an education about tolerance, which would require the firm establishment of morals. In America, we pride ourselves on arbitrary and unstable morals. The establishment of a solid, unquestioned set of morals due to the teaching of tolerance in school is far too stable. Fourthly, many religions claim that God loves everyone, such as in The Book of Mormon, prophet Nephi testified that I know that [God] loveth his children (1 Nephi 11:17). However, in all his children, homosexuals are not included. Recently, protesters have been saying that these gays will be burnt in hell for their sins because they are anathema of the human race. If these gays are to burn in hell, then why should we allow them to live out their lives? It seems unreasonable to support these people into making something out of their lives when they are a disgrace to God. I propose that we burn them alive in public places so they serve as an example to the American public. By doing so, the general American population will feel cleansed in regards to homosexuals and their gay-specific sexually transmitted diseases. In fact, this burning could be considered a new entertainment. Just like family movie night, feel free to bring your children and snacks along to watch conflagrations filled with screaming and dying sinners. This will teach your children that God really only loves those that have an attraction to the opposite sex. Fifthly, In psychology, there is a phenomenon that is known as the mere-exposure effect which states that people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. Similarly, If homosexuals are allowed to marry, they will be able to show off their sexuality with ease and confidence and spawn more homosexuals. The repeated exposure to homosexual tendencies will make people more comfortable with those attributes and will begin to accept and copy them. Homosexuality is, thus, a trait that can rub off like every other trait of a person, such as height, skin tone, and eye color. Sixthly, with all the homosexuals gone, Americas economy will be booming. Better jobs that gays once held will be available to those who are straight and the resources that were used to feed and house them will be reinstated into the local financial institutes. However, if there was a nationwide acceptance of homosexuals and their rights, many people would go out of business. Lawyers are a strong example of this because they thrive on settling disputes over laws that are contradictory, and that differ state-to-state. If we promote the peculiarity of homosexuals, they are more likely to commit suicide, thus decreasing the surplus population and restrengthening our economy. I propose this solution for the public good of the American citizens, as well as for the motive that it will increase economic stability, end civil resistance and keep America associated with permanence and inequality. We could just ignore the fact that theyre homosexual because love is just love, no matter who its with, but no. We must protect marriage by preventing people who are genuinely in love from getting married. We will pry into their personal lives and announce them to be the sinners they really are. Ultimately, homosexuals have not done much for humanity, but neither have heterosexuals. However, homosexuals are captivated by their own gender, and that cannot go unpunished. I truly believe that this proposal will result in success, for as a homosexual myself, I can give an unbiased opinion, and have nothing to gain from it.

Criminal Record Does Matter Free Essays

A Criminal Record Does Matter April 11, 2013 Sociology 381 In the article, Mark of a Criminal Record by Devah Pager, the effect that a criminal record has on black and white males is examined. Pager’s goal is to answer whether and to what extent employers use criminal history, whether race plays a role in hiring, and whether there are different results for black applicants than for white applicants when applying for a job. In order to conduct this research Pager uses Audit Methodology. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Record Does Matter or any similar topic only for you Order Now The basic design of this study was to create four different resumes for four different people (testers). Each tester was an articulate college student who took on one of two roles when applying for a job: an ex convict or someone with no criminal history. Each resume had the same level of qualifications for education and job experience. The two black testers were paired together and the two white testers were paired together. Each tester had one resume and the only difference between the resumes within each group was that one had served prison time for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute. The first objective of the study was to find out whether and to what extent employers use information about criminal history in making hiring decisions. This was important because in the sample taken by Pager (2003), 27% of employers said they would perform background checks on all applicants. However, the actual number was most likely higher because employers were not required to indicate whether or not they intended to perform background checks (Pager, 2003, p. 953). And although not all employers actually do this, it still implied that, to some degree, a criminal history will affect job opportunities. One criticism to this type of research was that employers use other characteristics to determine whether or not the applicant will be hired and not the criminal record. This says that the same characteristics that make a person resort to crime happen to overlap with characteristics that make a person an undesirable employee. This objective and study was designed to find out how true that is. It has been found that a criminal record plays a significant role during the hiring process. A criminal record reduced the likelihood of a call back by 50%. 4% of whites without a criminal record received a callback compared to 17% of whites with a criminal background. For one tedious job application for a trucking service, one applicant was told that the job had been filled after the employer reviewed the application. Keep in mind, though, that the applicant had to check with the supervisor several different times during the application process in order to complete the application. The second ob jective was to find out the extent to which race continues to serve as a major barrier to employment. This is important because racial inequality is a prevalent issue that has been heavily debated in regards to job opportunities. African Americans have lower rates of employment compared to whites. There is disagreement over the cause of these discriminations. This method of testing is designed to address this question. Recent studies have doubted the importance of race when it comes to the job hiring process. Some recent arguments have stated that other factors such as spatial location, soft skills, social capital, and cognitive ability are to blame rather than race. This study compares equally qualified black and white applicants who apply for the same job and the frequency each one received call backs. One surprising finding is that out of the black applicants without criminal records, only 14% were called back compared to 34% of white applicants without criminal history. What really makes the results of this audit so surprising is that whites with criminal backgrounds were called back more than blacks without a criminal background at 17% of the time. Blacks with criminal history were only a little less likely to be called back than their noncriminal counterparts at 14% of the time. The third objective is to assess whether the effect of a criminal record differs for black and white applicants. This is important because criminal history can affect job opportunities and may even be more troublesome depending on the race of the applicant. Effects of criminal records for blacks and whites can be even more detrimental in times of economic hardships. One employer for a janitorial service said that the company had been extremely short staffed and had to interview virtually every applicant. Now with job scarcity, even the most entry level jobs are able to be more selective about whom they employ. It is important to recognize the possible racial differences in the effects of incarceration. Current literature on racial stereotypes says that â€Å"stereotypes are most likely to be activated and reinforced when a target matches on more than one dimension of the stereotype† (Pager, 2003, p. 45). This may make employers, who already have preconceived notions, even more wary with proven past criminal behavior. The results of the study showed that the effect of a criminal record is more pronounced and impacting blacks 40% more than whites. On three separate occasions black testers were asked if they had criminal backgrounds before they submitted their applications. I had a lot of different reactions to this article. Before I read th e article I had a couple different assumptions that were correct. For example, I already figured that a criminal record would affect opportunity for hire and that it would have a bigger impact for blacks than for whites. I was, however, surprised to learn that whites with a criminal history were more often called back than blacks with a clean history. I did not know that there was still such discrimination with the workplace. I was more disturbed by how much a criminal record affected overall employment rather than by how much race played a role. One finding that really bothered me was that there are no limitations as to how far back an employer can go when performing a background check. Employers may potentially reject an applicant because of a crime committed many years prior or even during adolescents and according to Kurlychek (2007), individuals who have juvenile or early adult records have a lower chance of recidivism. With today’s technology it is even easier to access this information, making it more likely that an employer will look at the background, making the mark of a criminal record even more problematic. Employers are allowed to deny employment if the offense directly relates to the job. This is vague and the lack of regulation and accountability on the employer’s part makes it easy for them to dismiss an applicant and blame it on other â€Å"defects† of character or qualification even though these defects may be completely erroneous. Another part of the results that is shocking is that these testers are articulate college students, and even though they took on criminal personas, are still not being selected. During the study the testers were the â€Å"best possible scenario† ex convicts, meaning that each one had some college education and his own transportation. Each applicant put down his parole officer’s name and had other references. Very rarely did the employer contact any of the references. To me, this means that regardless of how well presented a person is or even if he/she has credible references that are able to atone for his/her character and reliability, a criminal record may destroy any chance a person has for a particular job. One important part of Pager’s study is that the testers were open and upfront about their criminal background. The part of this which stuck out in my mind was even if the job application did not request criminal information, it was still given. And according to Pager (2003), this reflects real life situations, as it is assumed that most employers will eventually find out; with that being said, these people are being openly labeled as ex convicts. Labels serve as cues to how others respond to an individual and have even been formalized into law so that people who have criminal records face civil disenfranchisement (Kurlychek, 2007, p. 67). Another aspect of this I found incredibly shocking is that people labeled deviant suffered more setbacks in search of employment than did illegal aliens. I realize there are different types of offending and I believe each one should be treated on a case by case basis, but the fact remains, it is easier for an illegal alien to find employment than some U. S. citizens who are labeled as criminals. â€Å"50% of cases, employers were unwilling to consider equally qualified applicants on the basis of their criminal record† (Pager, 2003, p. 956). I find this statistic to be very unsurprising yet unfair in some circumstances. The fact that half of the employers polled will not even consider an applicant because of a criminal record is absurd, especially, in cases such as the one studied in Pager’s audit. This finding is supported by a study reviewed in Kurlychek’s article: 25 employers received a resume with a criminal history and only one offered the applicant employment (2007, p. 67). Each crime is different, and as I have previously stated, each one should be considered on a case by case basis. I do not believe that all hope for employment should be abolished due to the criminal record described in Pager’s study. The testers were one time offenders whom otherwise would have been viewed as good candidates for employment. In one study by Cheng, Kim, and Lo (2008), there was a positive correlation between the number of offenses committed in the past and the likelihood of reoffending. Other findings in Kurlychek’s (2007) article state that the majority of one time offenders do not continue to offend and either learn their lesson or grow out of it. I should add, when an offender forms a positive social tie, such as the one that would be created due to employment, the chances of offending decrease. After reading these articles, the way I view those with criminal records is a little bit different. I am very open-minded, I give people the benefit of the doubt, and I do not believe that a criminal history defines who a person is or their ability to perform certain tasks. Although, each situation needs to be evaluated separately by factors other than the presence of a criminal record. I think one time offenders should be given more leniency and there should be more focus on the offender’s pattern (or lack thereof) of criminality. The way in which offenders are labeled in society by both written and unwritten law is another aspect I see a little differently. I never realized how difficult it is to escape the stigmatization of being labeled as deviant. This kind of negative label has the ability to haunt people their entire lives, even if their offense can be attributed to one bad decision made while maturing. References Cheng, T. , Kim, Y. , Lo, C. (n. d. ). Offense specialization of arrestees. (2008). An Event History Analysis,  54(3), 341-365. doi: 10. 1177/0011128707305746 Kurlychek, M. , Brame, R. , Bushway, S. (n. d. ). Enduring risk? old criminal records and predictions of future criminal involvement . (2007). Crime Delinquency  ,  53(1), 64-83. doi: 10. 1177/0011128706294439 Pager, D. (n. d. ). The mark of a criminal record. (2003). American Journal of Sociology,  108(5), 937-975. doi: 10. 1086/374403 How to cite Criminal Record Does Matter, Papers

Food Industry Dairy Industries

Question: Discuss about theFood Industryfor Dairy Industries. Answer: Today Australian Dairy Industries Dairying is quite a developed industry around the subtropical as well as around the temperate areas in Australia. When the majority of the production of milk arises in southeast states, several states have dairy industries which transport fresh milk to the close towns and cities. A variety of maximum quality customer products contains custards, fresh milk, varieties of cheese, butter and yogurts that are produced in many states of Australia (Bethune and Armstrong, 2004). The production of last long ledge life commodities like quality milk powders and cheese is now a day becomes much more focused in the south-east areas in Australia. Dairying carries on being an essential rural industry of Australia, on-farm manufacturing carries on to enhance by established herd management technologies as well as pasture and feed. Whereas, additional feeding through grains has become progressively common, however, the dairy industries of Australia endure mainly pasture related. Every state has feasib le production of milk that supplies fresh milk to the closest cities and areas. By being a largest regional worker, the industry adds value by the processing of milk for producing fresh lines like yogurt, cream, butter and cheese along with this, milk powder and bulk milk are even important. The dairy products in Australia have been the main food source from the very beginning in the Western diet (Clark and Bodyfelt, 2009). It is found that now a day refrigeration is most common place in every household so people moved away from stocking dairy animals for their daily dairy requirements rather, they depends on the commercial manufacturing of cheese, butter, milk and various other related to dairy products. Challenges and Problems with the Dairy Industry The Australian dairy Industry is a $13 billion farm, producing and export industry, but it is in a state of crisis. The cheap dairy products and the changes in domestic and international markets have taken a financial toll on the farmers (Skill needs now and in the future in the rural industry, 2001). Customers are now very serious in finding the best dairy product for them. The cheap quality and the monetary issues are only half of the problem. The other partial of difficulty is paid by dairy cows and surroundings. Some of the problems associated with the dairy industry of Australia are: Welfare Problems In spite of the pleasant outcome of outdoor farming, several practices of dairy industry negatively affect the dairy cows. Dairy cows are made to meet to a continuous cycle of impregnation, milking, and induced calving to meet the demand of the dairy products. Horn removal and Tail-docking are other problems that are continuously performed without any pain relief. Another major welfare problem in animals is the lameness of the dairy cattle which is often the outcome of environmental pressures, herd size, and handling (Thomas, 2003). Due to all these issues, the average life-span of a dairy cow are now about seven to eight years, whereas, usually a cow can live up to 20 to 24 years. Another major problem in the welfare of dairy cattle is the separation of baby calves from their mother. These calves are detached and are killed within the principal week of their birth. The handling of animals is not in a respectable state and is used according to owners decision. The Environmental Impact The welfare problems along with livestock farming, directly or indirectly, are one of the most harmful activities to the cattles. The livestock agriculture in Australia is about to 10% to 17% of the greenhouse gas releases. In these greenhouse gases emissions, the major contributors are the methane emissions from the digestion and manure, and the nitrous oxide from the livestock. The livestock sector is not only the contributor in Australia but in the whole world. The livestock farming is also influenced by the changes in temperature and water (Lowman, 2001). Sicknesses also upsurge due to these dissimilarities in the weather conditions and climate. As the industrial sector is making attempt to have transitioned to low-carbon energy sources to tackle the climate change, the dairy industry should also make attempt for an ethical and sustainable alternative. Many reports have argued that the livestock emissions can be managed with better managing patterns, carbon sequestration, and modifications in animal feed. As consumer demand is one of the most influential strategies for the betterment of animal welfare and environmental problems, the peoples need to reduce the food waste and should consume more plant-based diets. Opportunities in Dairy Industry There is a great opportunity for the growth of the Australias dairy industry. It can be a major player in defining the issues for the global food security. The Australian Dairy Industry could become a significant path to meet the ever-increasing demand of the consumers. The Australian dairy technology and services have great opportunities to get expand in the market of China (Lowman, 2001). A commission from the Australias leading dairy services and technology businesses is providing the opportunity for the growth in increasing Chinese dairy market. The Australian can describe the hereditary and generative technology, veterinary facilities, upbringing stock, and the farm organization (Eicher, 2001). The Australia-China Dairy industries are increasing the communication between them for establishing solid communication between the dairy farms, research institutes and research institutes in both countries. The dairy services between these countries have introduced the advanced Australian products and services that mainly concentrate on breeding, animal health and gene technology. References Australian dairy industry in focus 2006. (2007). 1st ed. Southbank, Vic.: Dairy Australia. Bethune, M. and Armstrong, D. (2004). Overview of the irrigated dairy industry in Australia.Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44(2), p.127. Clark, S. and Bodyfelt, F. (2009).The sensory evaluation of dairy products. 1st ed. New York, NY: Springer. Eicher, S. (2001). Transportation of Cattle in the Dairy Industry: Current Research and Future Directions.Journal of Dairy Science, 84, pp.E19-E23. International Dairy Federation/Dairy Industry Association of Australia Functional Dairy Foods Conference: 24-25 February 2009, Melbourne, Australia. (2009).Nutrition Dietetics, 66(2), pp.121-122. Lowman, B. (2001). Challenges facing the UK cattle industry.In Practice, 23(8), pp.482-489. Skill needs now and in the future in the rural industry. (2001). 1st ed. [Canberra?]: Rural Industry Working Group. Thomas, A. (2003).Dairy products. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Chelsea Clubhouse Books.