Pocahontas †Cultural Anthropology Free Essays

Composing Assignment #1: The Cultural Construction of the Idea of Progress Film picked: Pocahontas One of Walt Disney’s most well known movies, Pocahontas, happens during the 1600s, as the British find portions of the â€Å"New World† that are occupied by local Americans. In this film, we can differentiate the crude way of life and culture of the Native Americans to that of the British, and can perceive how the thoughts of â€Å"progress† or social development assume a job in the ethnocentric predisposition held by the Westerners during this time, making the crude generalizations be assembled. Disney utilizes the structure of the characters themselves-what they wear, how they talk, what they eat, what they have faith in, and so forth. We will compose a custom paper test on Pocahontas †Cultural Anthropology or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now ; and the plot line of the film, to portray the social development of the possibility of â€Å"progress†, and inspire the restricting thoughts of the â€Å"primitive other† and â€Å"civilized self†. This film opens demonstrating us the life of the British as they board the boat and keeping in mind that they’re cruising adrift. Disney begins with the British since we as westerners identify with the British, and consider their to be of life as ordinary and humanized. We promptly identify with the shade of their skin, their westernized garments, the manner in which they talk, and the innovation they approach as well. While on the vessel, John Smith (the male hero) alludes to the Native American Indians as â€Å"savages† who ought to be slaughtered in the event that they disrupt the general flow. This gives us a sneak top into the mentality of the British and how adversely they see the Native Americans. Leaving us with the conviction that the Indians are savages, Disney at that point presents Pocahontas (the female hero) and the Indian clan that has been living in the New World. Promptly we are presented to the crude way of life of the Indians. We see that their method of voyaging is by wooden kayaks, their apparel comprise of an earthy colored material that covers almost no while they additionally don't have on shoes, they live in tents, and have only nature at it’s most perfect structure encompassing them. We see the ladies out in the fields gathering corn by hand, while the men are getting back home from fight, with just withdraws from and lances for weapons. The underlying response to seeing the way of life and lifestyle among the Indians is to consider them to be â€Å"uncivilized† and â€Å"savage†, similarly as John Smith was stating on the pontoon. Anyway all through the film Disney starts to challenge this conviction and gives us that the westerner’s lifestyle may not be the most ideal lifestyle for everybody. Up until this point, John Smith and the remainder of the English men had been finding new places and discovering Native American’s that had been living for a long time on these remote terrains. The Europeans consistently considered these to be as uncouth, brutal savages, who should have been dominated and â€Å"westernized†. John Smith says something to Pocahontas about how they could improve the Indians life, and fabricate them streets and tall structures, and show them how to â€Å"make the vast majority of their land†. This is an ideal case of the ethnocentric predisposition mindset of the Europeans. They not even once thought about that somebody else’s method of living and culture could really be an effective. They felt that their way was the most ideal way, and whatever else was only an immature, savage way of life that expected to advance into the westernized way of life. After John Smith offers this remark about â€Å"bettering the Indian’s life styles† Pocahontas is profoundly insulted and continues to sing the well known melody, The Colors of the Wind. In this melody Pocahontas gets down on John Smith about his ethnocentric position and gives him her perspective, in singing: â€Å"You think you own whatever land you land on, The earth is only a dead thing you can guarantee, But I know each rock and tree and animal, Has a real existence, has a soul, has a name. You think the main individuals who are individuals, Are the individuals who look and think like you, But in the event that you walk the strides of an outsider, You’ll learn things you never realized you never knew. † For the first run through John Smith starts to tune in to Pocahontas and acknowledges how uninformed him and his team have been to figure they can guarantee any land they run over, rewarding the locals like wild brutes. This time the Europeans have looked downward on the crude culture of the locals, imagining that they were sub-human, and should have been supported and restrained simply like creatures; anyway at this time John Smith see’s the free soul in Pocahontas, and he appreciates her association with the nature all around her. He starts to see that the Natives are simply typical individuals in their normal component, a flourishing off of their general surroundings, with no need of innovation, or any of the headways the westerners were bringing to the New World. Generally speaking, Disney’s film, Pocahontas, makes a superb showing differentiating the way of life of the â€Å"primitive other† and â€Å"civilized self† with Pocahontas and the Indians as the crude other and John Smith and the Europeans as the edified self. We can see through the Europeans, their ethnocentrism, and their guileless mentalities that persuades they own whatever land they land on and can treat the locals anyway they need. Disney anyway plays out this film in a manner to give us his view on this ethnocentric predisposition and how he trusts it to not be right and unlawful. He makes the watcher side with the Indians and depicts the Indians as the heroes and the Europeans as the miscreants. Disney was attempting to communicate something specific that this whiteness perspective isn't generally right and can at times carry mischief to others in any event, when its not purposeful. Works Cited: Pocahontas. Walt Disney Feature Animation, 1995. Film. Seriff, Suzanne. â€Å"Cultural Anthropology: ANT 302. † University of Texas. Spring 2013. Step by step instructions to refer to Pocahontas †Cultural Anthropology, Papers

Essay --

In the realm of mainstream society, individuals admire a horde of intriguing, gifted, and motivating people groups who impact the world. Artists, on-screen characters, competitors, big names, they all are important supporters of mainstream society. Individuals admire them, examine them, and read articles about them. The media gives these people groups questions, praises, and analysis. No other story is as motivating as the narrative of a timid young lady, brought into the world under the name of Diana Spencer, who turned into an image of liberality, shrewdness, harmony, and love for the world. Princess Diana, who wedded into the Royal Family, was one of the most persuasive and well known individuals in this world. Conceived on July 1, 1961, in Sandringham England, a little town in the province of Norfolk known distinctly for the Sandringham House, â€Å"a most loved occasion home to Queen Elizabeth II and a few of her predecessors†,(Sandringham, p.1) Diana went to an all girls’ school, and afterward moved to a government funded school. She bombed her O-levels twice and was not considered scholastically solid. Nonetheless, Diana was viewed as near eminence, for she and her family had collaborated every now and again with them. Diana grew up playing with Prince Andrew and Prince Edward, the more youthful kin of Prince Charles. Intrigued by music and moving, and a young lady with a fantasy â€Å"to become an expert ballerina†(Diana, Princess of Whales p.1) Diana was incredibly saddened when her folks isolated. Set in the authority of her dad, who earned the acclaimed title of â€Å"Earl Spencer† in 1975, Diana earned another title as he did, and got known as â€Å"Lad y Diana Spencer† in her childhood. Woman Diana Spencer went to Riddlesworth Hall before boarding at West Health School, and went to the Swiss completing school, the Institute Aplin ... ...ring came to Diana, who kept her title â€Å"Princess†, much after the separation, the evening of August 30th, 1997. She passed on in an appalling auto collision with current sweetheart Dodi Al-Fayed. The driver of the vehicle was affected by liquor, and was being sought after by picture takers that night. Al Fayed and the driver kicked the bucket upon sway. Diana kicked the bucket a couple of hours after the fact. Significantly after her passing, her liberality and works were proceeded. A tribute to Diana’s commitments was taken care of through the Landmine tab of 1998 and the Ottawa Treaty in 1997. Both of these archives were about landmines and followed Diana’s sees on them. After her passing, Diana’s inheritance was proceeded by the Diana, Princess of Whales Memorial Fund which â€Å"supports the wiped out in Africa, helps displaced people, and stops landmines.† (Biography Online, p.2) Diana, the People’s Princess, will live on in people’s hearts until the end of time.

The Muti Water Project

The Muti Water Project If some of you have been reading the blogs for a while, then you may know about the Muti Water Project, an initiative I had been busy working on since my sophomore year. I worked to design and build a longer lasting water source for a town, Muti, in my fathers home province, Kafa, where he went to middle school and where some of my relatives still live today. Ive written two blogs about it already, “A Story About Muti” and “Why is There No Water”. This was a long, arduous process, seriously affected by not only logistics, weather, and funding, but also politics. Several months of delays occurred due to the state of emergency announcement in Ethiopia in 2016. (You can get the full story in those two blog posts + this podcast). But finally, against many odds, the well is actually finished!!!! Photos of the well I received from our contractor (finishing touches of concrete being placed!) It was actually finished some months ago (last semester, November 2017) but today I woke up and realized that I’d left everyone hanging, without actually announcing this positive development (such MIT lol). Targeted Issues and Solutions In “Why is There No Water”, I’d highlighted some key qualitative issues I’d discovered from interviewing Muti residents. Children (as young as 5) are the ones who typically fetch water from rivers and streams. They can have lifetime health problems afterward a from carrying the heavy containers back and forth. People regularly die digging shared, shallow water wells either from collapses or lack of oxygen. Children have died or gotten injured from falling into said shallow wells (fortunately, not as often anymore because people are aware of this problem and small children are not sent to fetch water from wells) During the rainy season, there’s an increase of typhus/typhoid infection due to the rain and river-swelling problems I discussed earlier With this well, made with an AfriDev pump (the part of the well that will need the most maintenance and we sourced locally from within Ethiopia), several of these issues are addressed: Children (as young as 5) are the ones who fetch water Children, followed by women, are the household members most frequently tasked with obtaining water. This will probably still be true, and in some ways is actually intended with the development of this well (we placed the water source next to the primary school, so the youngest children attending school are closest to the clean water). But in addressing other issues, we hope access to water will be safer for these children. People regularly die digging shared, shallow water wells either from collapses or lack of oxygen. This is a problem with the construction of the well. Since this well was much larger in diameter than the shared, shallow wells people just make in their backyards with a shovel, the risk of asphyxiation from the digging process was lower. Additionally, the well was constructed in coalition with trained professionals (whereas wells people construct in their backyard are typically untrained local men, simply digging). This well was also lined with concrete during the construction process. Children have died or gotten injured from falling into said shallow wells and from typhus/typhoid infection The AfriDev pump is, on the one hand, simply necessary for this well, as it is much deeper than shallow backyard wells. But as a side effect, it is also much safer than an open cavity, which is how children can fall or be pulled into shallow wells by the weight of the water vessel (think rope-and-bucket that you pull to retrieve water). The depth of this well is also what makes the water clean, and prevents typhus/typhoid bacteria from inhabiting the water. This point is particularly counterintuitive for most Americanshow can digging into the ground, the dirt and soil, of all places, be clean? In fact, most of the things that make dirt dirty (bacteria, bugs, decaying debris) are in a thin, shallow layer close to the surface of the soil. This is very simple and obvious when you think about itmost living things (Typhoid bacteria included) need oxygen, and you can’t find much oxygen as you progress lower and lower into the ground. As an example, in natural disaster scenarios, temporary graves as shallow as just one meter below the surface are constructed to bury bodies while preventing decomposition, so they can later be withdrawn and identified (even “six feet under” would be overkill). This is why I chose this hand-dug well concept (over 15 meters, but under 30) for the Muti region. I knew it was simple enough that there were people (contractors and workers) who were familiar with how to construct this system with the parameters we specified, and in this particularly lush, rainy region, we didn’t need to go very deep. We simply needed to get away from the “dirty” dirt to the “clean” dirtsediment found in water at this depth is more or less larger chunks of whatever’s already in your fancy mineral water: possibly calcium and magnesium deposits, or other inorganic precipitates. No living, typhus-causing things! A Sustainable Solution In many ways, this is the beginning rather than the end. The real goal of this project was to try and see how long the water source would lastif we can beat 3-4 years without the well truly failing (a broken pump, as I mentioned, can easily be replaced) then I will consider the project a success, as the main issue we were trying to solve involved clean water sources frequently failing, going “dry” in as little as 3 months. That success would motivate further hand-dug well projects in the region, where right now spring protections are the default constructed water source. And the proliferation of hand-dug wells would hopefully continue to solve all the above problemsright now with this well, these water problems are solved mainly for those living nearest to the well, and the children at the school. The reasons why water sources can go “dry” are a whole other hydrology lesson, but the core of the issue is that, the water “table” (you can think of it as a line of water under the soil) is not perfectly flat or uniform. Sometimes, you may think you’ve hit the water table, but really, you’ve just hit a little pocket, which can actually become “dry”. In other situations, if your water sources conflict, you can end up “lowering” the water table in that area with frequent use. Sometimes, you can inadvertently turn one of your sources into a drain for another source, causing the first source you built to fail. Of course, there’s still not a great way to “x-ray the ground” which is a silly question I asked in a conversation with the incredible Professor Strzepek of the TATA Center. Professor Strzepek agreed to assist with this project (he provided the above graphic and taught me everything I know about water). Though it was cool to learn about this, I was a little dismayed: I did not have access to sophisticated surveying equipment, and there’s very little water data available about this region. I tried still, though, to make sure we made a good decision about the well location in a pretty hack-y way: with Google Maps. Google maps has some pretty neat features I learned about entirely while trying stuff for this project. For one, it allows you to view the elevation in these cool altitude plots collected from Google satellite data, where those curves in the photo represent a line of the same elevation (for those of you who’ve taken physics, it’s sort of like voltage potential rings). The map is also shaded for an intuitive visual effect. All the other wells are flagged, and the location next to the primary school is the star. Using this feature, I could at least feel mostly confident that the well was far enough from the other springs (and, importantly, not on a hill) so that any interference with the water table wouldn’t affect the life span of the well. Of course, if future sources are built in the next few years, this would need to be revisited. I also gained some intuition as to why the other spring protections failed. Spring protections have to be constructed where there is already surface water, which severely limits your options in location as you have to find a spring, creek, or river to work with. As you can see from the terrain diagram, many of the springs are at points of locally high elevationthey’re on hillsides. They’re also close togethersprings 3 and 4 in particular failed particularly fast, with spring 3 failing in only 3 months after it was constructed. You can see a little bit more clearly which water sources are likely to be inadvertent drains for other sources. Performing this project helped me understand water a lot better, but also opened my eyes to the problems engineering alone will never be able to solve. The village, Muti, has a local government and collects taxthe things governments do, in exchange for creating infrastructure. Clearly, in Muti and other rural areas, there is a disconnect between the resource collection and the infrastructure distribution. This can be for a variety of reasonsfarmers don’t have much tax to give, and infrastructure is especially hard and expensive to develop in this mountainous, rainy region with dense forest. There’s also a sort of exponential effect in infrastructure developmenta road makes it easier to transport materials, which in turn makes it easier to build roads. So, starting “from scratch” is especially difficult. Of course, there obviously might be issues in accountability or management at the resource-collection levelcorruption, incompetency, misunderstandingbut I want you to understand that this is not the only problem, as developing infrastructure in this area is a monumental task to begin with. All I can say, at the end of the day, is that this project was just a small drop in the ocean of what needs to be done, and which will hopefully happen in the future. As Ethiopia faces waves of economic, political, and technological changes, I hope to continue being a part of them! (those enough water puns for you? x)) 3 I made a small video of the whole experienceapologies for the low quality, but I hope you still find it a fun glimpse into life among my family in rural Ethiopia. Uncles, aunts, cousinsthey are the reason I had so much passion for this project. You can also see here the types of open, hole-in-the-ground wells that are common DIY kinds of solutions in the village, and how the final hand-dug well is much different from those! If there’s anything I’ve learned at MIT, and especially from this project, it’s that the only thing ever standing in our way is fearfear of failure. “I’m too young” or “I’m not wealthy enough” or “I don’t have the time” or even as basic and seemingly valid as “I don’t know how to do this” (I literally knew nothing about water before starting this project), these are all excuses we tell ourselves to let that fear fester and convince us we can’t do something. But if we are courageous enough to simply try, to work hard and be dedicated, you find that those obstacles slowly, surely fall away, until you’ve achieved incredible things. Thanks to everyone who supported me on this incredible journey, either as part of the project or just with your wonderful words of encouragement 3 Post Tagged #Muti Water Project

The Italian People, Culture and Cities in Movies,...

(1) How do the films discussed link the concepts of ‚crime’ and ‚travelling’? What makes travelling such an interesting phenomenon within the crime genre? Please also refer to the narrative structure of crime films. Travelling has used to be an activity that entirely differs from our everyday life, an escape in order to find authenticity. Travelling forces people from their comfort zones and lead to new emotions, new actions, new perceptions, acquired through the prism of another reality. For a long time it has been a privilege available only for a group of eligible. Not surprisingly, the idea of interconnectivity between â€Å"crime† and â€Å"travelling† is highly exploited in the movie industry exposing the gap between expectations and reality, between dream world and real world. Both the notion of crime and travelling are built around the idea of observing spaces and places, people and their actions with the possibility of expectations being destroyed at any moment. Often tourists try to plan their trips with the smallest details to avoid any unpredictable situation, especially nowadays in the time of the easy accessible images and reviews about destinations. They are very persistent in their attempts to establish an order on a world. Crime stories are also concerned with this idea. The most thrilling effect in movies can be achieved by putting crime and travelling into one story. When touristic stereotypes are destroyed, anticipated actions are not performed, seeming strongShow MoreRelatedReflection About Culture1438 Words   |  6 PagesWho am I? What is the different cultures I have been allured to and what is my culture? How did I grow up? These are questions we are acquired to answer when meeting someone. Learning about me is engrossing. I have been through different cultures that has shaped me into one unique person. Culture is defined as the â€Å"integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief and behavior that depends upon man’s capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations. It is also the customaryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Fibonacci Rabbits 1552 Words   |  7 Pages Leonardo Fibonacci was an Italian mathematician who lived from 1170 to 1240. While Fibonacci was growing up, he was sent to study mathematics with an Arab master. Once he finished studying, he began to travel to other countries to study their mathematics and calculations (Encyclopedia Britannica). In 1202, Fibonacci published his book that was entitled Liber Abaci or Book of the Counting. In this book, he used Hindu-Arabic numbers. This is the number system that we are using today. 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Knowing the history of many different things in the life is very important because of one sufficient and helpful reason; knowing the history helps in understanding the present and in building the future. There are a lot of subjects and things that people should know their history, such as the history of a country,Read More american character - then and now Essay2086 Words   |  9 Pagescrucible of the frontier the immigrants were Americanized, liberated, and fused into a mixed race, English in neither nationality nor characteristics† (Faragher 64). How exactly did American character form and what defines it? Turner answered this question with the T urner thesis, using the concept of the pioneer and the immigrants who followed him to explain the western frontier and its expansion (Faragher 70). 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Major Problem In American Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 948 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Modest Proposal Essay Did you like this example?   The one major problem in American society besides of course, the surprising amounts of murder and rape, domestic abuse, an influx of both legal and illegal immigrants, rising poverty levels, and the lack of quality health care is homosexuality. Homosexual marriages is an unprecedented offense because it interferes with the natural idea of heterosexual relationships and marriages. Americas homosexual population is estimated to be about 15% with a maximum margin of sampling error at  ±5%. Homosexuals are taking work opportunities that other Americans desperately need. By ridding the country of this menace, there will be more employment available to the public and will strengthen the economy. I propose, as a solution to this rising problem, that we make homosexual marriage illegal once again. The remaining homosexuals will be deported to concentrated encampments. There, the homosexuals will be put to work to make up for the economic costs that will amount in building these sites. I think the advantages and importance of this proposal outweighs the burdens and are of the highest importance. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Major Problem In American Society" essay for you Create order First, homosexual relationship are not complementary by nature because they cannot have children and are therefore undeserving of the word marriage. To get rid of the homoerotic public, America needs to show pride in its lasting natural marriages, like the 72-day marriage between Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries as well as Britney Spears 55-hour marriage to Jason Allen Alexander. Imagine how the institution of homosexual marriages is tainting this scared system. If homosexuals are given the freedom to marry, they will display their homosexuality more openly. Secondly, the institution of homosexual marriage would also permit homosexual couples to the adopt children. To develop best, children need two parents who could naturally produce children themselves; they need a fertile mother and a fertile father. Therefore, my definition of homosexual is inclusive of single prospective parents, infertile couples, and the elderly. Likewise, homosexual parents will develop homosexual children, just like all heterosexual parents develop heterosexual children. Thirdly, America is not known a country for change; women are still a mans rightful property, slavery is still tolerated, and divorce is still illegal. The institution of homosexual marriage would also require schools to promote an education about tolerance, which would require the firm establishment of morals. In America, we pride ourselves on arbitrary and unstable morals. The establishment of a solid, unquestioned set of morals due to the teaching of tolerance in school is far too stable. Fourthly, many religions claim that God loves everyone, such as in The Book of Mormon, prophet Nephi testified that I know that [God] loveth his children (1 Nephi 11:17). However, in all his children, homosexuals are not included. Recently, protesters have been saying that these gays will be burnt in hell for their sins because they are anathema of the human race. If these gays are to burn in hell, then why should we allow them to live out their lives? It seems unreasonable to support these people into making something out of their lives when they are a disgrace to God. I propose that we burn them alive in public places so they serve as an example to the American public. By doing so, the general American population will feel cleansed in regards to homosexuals and their gay-specific sexually transmitted diseases. In fact, this burning could be considered a new entertainment. Just like family movie night, feel free to bring your children and snacks along to watch conflagrations filled with screaming and dying sinners. This will teach your children that God really only loves those that have an attraction to the opposite sex. Fifthly, In psychology, there is a phenomenon that is known as the mere-exposure effect which states that people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. Similarly, If homosexuals are allowed to marry, they will be able to show off their sexuality with ease and confidence and spawn more homosexuals. The repeated exposure to homosexual tendencies will make people more comfortable with those attributes and will begin to accept and copy them. Homosexuality is, thus, a trait that can rub off like every other trait of a person, such as height, skin tone, and eye color. Sixthly, with all the homosexuals gone, Americas economy will be booming. Better jobs that gays once held will be available to those who are straight and the resources that were used to feed and house them will be reinstated into the local financial institutes. However, if there was a nationwide acceptance of homosexuals and their rights, many people would go out of business. Lawyers are a strong example of this because they thrive on settling disputes over laws that are contradictory, and that differ state-to-state. If we promote the peculiarity of homosexuals, they are more likely to commit suicide, thus decreasing the surplus population and restrengthening our economy. I propose this solution for the public good of the American citizens, as well as for the motive that it will increase economic stability, end civil resistance and keep America associated with permanence and inequality. We could just ignore the fact that theyre homosexual because love is just love, no matter who its with, but no. We must protect marriage by preventing people who are genuinely in love from getting married. We will pry into their personal lives and announce them to be the sinners they really are. Ultimately, homosexuals have not done much for humanity, but neither have heterosexuals. However, homosexuals are captivated by their own gender, and that cannot go unpunished. I truly believe that this proposal will result in success, for as a homosexual myself, I can give an unbiased opinion, and have nothing to gain from it.

Criminal Record Does Matter Free Essays

A Criminal Record Does Matter April 11, 2013 Sociology 381 In the article, Mark of a Criminal Record by Devah Pager, the effect that a criminal record has on black and white males is examined. Pager’s goal is to answer whether and to what extent employers use criminal history, whether race plays a role in hiring, and whether there are different results for black applicants than for white applicants when applying for a job. In order to conduct this research Pager uses Audit Methodology. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Record Does Matter or any similar topic only for you Order Now The basic design of this study was to create four different resumes for four different people (testers). Each tester was an articulate college student who took on one of two roles when applying for a job: an ex convict or someone with no criminal history. Each resume had the same level of qualifications for education and job experience. The two black testers were paired together and the two white testers were paired together. Each tester had one resume and the only difference between the resumes within each group was that one had served prison time for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute. The first objective of the study was to find out whether and to what extent employers use information about criminal history in making hiring decisions. This was important because in the sample taken by Pager (2003), 27% of employers said they would perform background checks on all applicants. However, the actual number was most likely higher because employers were not required to indicate whether or not they intended to perform background checks (Pager, 2003, p. 953). And although not all employers actually do this, it still implied that, to some degree, a criminal history will affect job opportunities. One criticism to this type of research was that employers use other characteristics to determine whether or not the applicant will be hired and not the criminal record. This says that the same characteristics that make a person resort to crime happen to overlap with characteristics that make a person an undesirable employee. This objective and study was designed to find out how true that is. It has been found that a criminal record plays a significant role during the hiring process. A criminal record reduced the likelihood of a call back by 50%. 4% of whites without a criminal record received a callback compared to 17% of whites with a criminal background. For one tedious job application for a trucking service, one applicant was told that the job had been filled after the employer reviewed the application. Keep in mind, though, that the applicant had to check with the supervisor several different times during the application process in order to complete the application. The second ob jective was to find out the extent to which race continues to serve as a major barrier to employment. This is important because racial inequality is a prevalent issue that has been heavily debated in regards to job opportunities. African Americans have lower rates of employment compared to whites. There is disagreement over the cause of these discriminations. This method of testing is designed to address this question. Recent studies have doubted the importance of race when it comes to the job hiring process. Some recent arguments have stated that other factors such as spatial location, soft skills, social capital, and cognitive ability are to blame rather than race. This study compares equally qualified black and white applicants who apply for the same job and the frequency each one received call backs. One surprising finding is that out of the black applicants without criminal records, only 14% were called back compared to 34% of white applicants without criminal history. What really makes the results of this audit so surprising is that whites with criminal backgrounds were called back more than blacks without a criminal background at 17% of the time. Blacks with criminal history were only a little less likely to be called back than their noncriminal counterparts at 14% of the time. The third objective is to assess whether the effect of a criminal record differs for black and white applicants. This is important because criminal history can affect job opportunities and may even be more troublesome depending on the race of the applicant. Effects of criminal records for blacks and whites can be even more detrimental in times of economic hardships. One employer for a janitorial service said that the company had been extremely short staffed and had to interview virtually every applicant. Now with job scarcity, even the most entry level jobs are able to be more selective about whom they employ. It is important to recognize the possible racial differences in the effects of incarceration. Current literature on racial stereotypes says that â€Å"stereotypes are most likely to be activated and reinforced when a target matches on more than one dimension of the stereotype† (Pager, 2003, p. 45). This may make employers, who already have preconceived notions, even more wary with proven past criminal behavior. The results of the study showed that the effect of a criminal record is more pronounced and impacting blacks 40% more than whites. On three separate occasions black testers were asked if they had criminal backgrounds before they submitted their applications. I had a lot of different reactions to this article. Before I read th e article I had a couple different assumptions that were correct. For example, I already figured that a criminal record would affect opportunity for hire and that it would have a bigger impact for blacks than for whites. I was, however, surprised to learn that whites with a criminal history were more often called back than blacks with a clean history. I did not know that there was still such discrimination with the workplace. I was more disturbed by how much a criminal record affected overall employment rather than by how much race played a role. One finding that really bothered me was that there are no limitations as to how far back an employer can go when performing a background check. Employers may potentially reject an applicant because of a crime committed many years prior or even during adolescents and according to Kurlychek (2007), individuals who have juvenile or early adult records have a lower chance of recidivism. With today’s technology it is even easier to access this information, making it more likely that an employer will look at the background, making the mark of a criminal record even more problematic. Employers are allowed to deny employment if the offense directly relates to the job. This is vague and the lack of regulation and accountability on the employer’s part makes it easy for them to dismiss an applicant and blame it on other â€Å"defects† of character or qualification even though these defects may be completely erroneous. Another part of the results that is shocking is that these testers are articulate college students, and even though they took on criminal personas, are still not being selected. During the study the testers were the â€Å"best possible scenario† ex convicts, meaning that each one had some college education and his own transportation. Each applicant put down his parole officer’s name and had other references. Very rarely did the employer contact any of the references. To me, this means that regardless of how well presented a person is or even if he/she has credible references that are able to atone for his/her character and reliability, a criminal record may destroy any chance a person has for a particular job. One important part of Pager’s study is that the testers were open and upfront about their criminal background. The part of this which stuck out in my mind was even if the job application did not request criminal information, it was still given. And according to Pager (2003), this reflects real life situations, as it is assumed that most employers will eventually find out; with that being said, these people are being openly labeled as ex convicts. Labels serve as cues to how others respond to an individual and have even been formalized into law so that people who have criminal records face civil disenfranchisement (Kurlychek, 2007, p. 67). Another aspect of this I found incredibly shocking is that people labeled deviant suffered more setbacks in search of employment than did illegal aliens. I realize there are different types of offending and I believe each one should be treated on a case by case basis, but the fact remains, it is easier for an illegal alien to find employment than some U. S. citizens who are labeled as criminals. â€Å"50% of cases, employers were unwilling to consider equally qualified applicants on the basis of their criminal record† (Pager, 2003, p. 956). I find this statistic to be very unsurprising yet unfair in some circumstances. The fact that half of the employers polled will not even consider an applicant because of a criminal record is absurd, especially, in cases such as the one studied in Pager’s audit. This finding is supported by a study reviewed in Kurlychek’s article: 25 employers received a resume with a criminal history and only one offered the applicant employment (2007, p. 67). Each crime is different, and as I have previously stated, each one should be considered on a case by case basis. I do not believe that all hope for employment should be abolished due to the criminal record described in Pager’s study. The testers were one time offenders whom otherwise would have been viewed as good candidates for employment. In one study by Cheng, Kim, and Lo (2008), there was a positive correlation between the number of offenses committed in the past and the likelihood of reoffending. Other findings in Kurlychek’s (2007) article state that the majority of one time offenders do not continue to offend and either learn their lesson or grow out of it. I should add, when an offender forms a positive social tie, such as the one that would be created due to employment, the chances of offending decrease. After reading these articles, the way I view those with criminal records is a little bit different. I am very open-minded, I give people the benefit of the doubt, and I do not believe that a criminal history defines who a person is or their ability to perform certain tasks. Although, each situation needs to be evaluated separately by factors other than the presence of a criminal record. I think one time offenders should be given more leniency and there should be more focus on the offender’s pattern (or lack thereof) of criminality. The way in which offenders are labeled in society by both written and unwritten law is another aspect I see a little differently. I never realized how difficult it is to escape the stigmatization of being labeled as deviant. This kind of negative label has the ability to haunt people their entire lives, even if their offense can be attributed to one bad decision made while maturing. References Cheng, T. , Kim, Y. , Lo, C. (n. d. ). Offense specialization of arrestees. (2008). An Event History Analysis,  54(3), 341-365. doi: 10. 1177/0011128707305746 Kurlychek, M. , Brame, R. , Bushway, S. (n. d. ). Enduring risk? old criminal records and predictions of future criminal involvement . (2007). Crime Delinquency  ,  53(1), 64-83. doi: 10. 1177/0011128706294439 Pager, D. (n. d. ). The mark of a criminal record. (2003). American Journal of Sociology,  108(5), 937-975. doi: 10. 1086/374403 How to cite Criminal Record Does Matter, Papers

Food Industry Dairy Industries

Question: Discuss about theFood Industryfor Dairy Industries. Answer: Today Australian Dairy Industries Dairying is quite a developed industry around the subtropical as well as around the temperate areas in Australia. When the majority of the production of milk arises in southeast states, several states have dairy industries which transport fresh milk to the close towns and cities. A variety of maximum quality customer products contains custards, fresh milk, varieties of cheese, butter and yogurts that are produced in many states of Australia (Bethune and Armstrong, 2004). The production of last long ledge life commodities like quality milk powders and cheese is now a day becomes much more focused in the south-east areas in Australia. Dairying carries on being an essential rural industry of Australia, on-farm manufacturing carries on to enhance by established herd management technologies as well as pasture and feed. Whereas, additional feeding through grains has become progressively common, however, the dairy industries of Australia endure mainly pasture related. Every state has feasib le production of milk that supplies fresh milk to the closest cities and areas. By being a largest regional worker, the industry adds value by the processing of milk for producing fresh lines like yogurt, cream, butter and cheese along with this, milk powder and bulk milk are even important. The dairy products in Australia have been the main food source from the very beginning in the Western diet (Clark and Bodyfelt, 2009). It is found that now a day refrigeration is most common place in every household so people moved away from stocking dairy animals for their daily dairy requirements rather, they depends on the commercial manufacturing of cheese, butter, milk and various other related to dairy products. Challenges and Problems with the Dairy Industry The Australian dairy Industry is a $13 billion farm, producing and export industry, but it is in a state of crisis. The cheap dairy products and the changes in domestic and international markets have taken a financial toll on the farmers (Skill needs now and in the future in the rural industry, 2001). Customers are now very serious in finding the best dairy product for them. The cheap quality and the monetary issues are only half of the problem. The other partial of difficulty is paid by dairy cows and surroundings. Some of the problems associated with the dairy industry of Australia are: Welfare Problems In spite of the pleasant outcome of outdoor farming, several practices of dairy industry negatively affect the dairy cows. Dairy cows are made to meet to a continuous cycle of impregnation, milking, and induced calving to meet the demand of the dairy products. Horn removal and Tail-docking are other problems that are continuously performed without any pain relief. Another major welfare problem in animals is the lameness of the dairy cattle which is often the outcome of environmental pressures, herd size, and handling (Thomas, 2003). Due to all these issues, the average life-span of a dairy cow are now about seven to eight years, whereas, usually a cow can live up to 20 to 24 years. Another major problem in the welfare of dairy cattle is the separation of baby calves from their mother. These calves are detached and are killed within the principal week of their birth. The handling of animals is not in a respectable state and is used according to owners decision. The Environmental Impact The welfare problems along with livestock farming, directly or indirectly, are one of the most harmful activities to the cattles. The livestock agriculture in Australia is about to 10% to 17% of the greenhouse gas releases. In these greenhouse gases emissions, the major contributors are the methane emissions from the digestion and manure, and the nitrous oxide from the livestock. The livestock sector is not only the contributor in Australia but in the whole world. The livestock farming is also influenced by the changes in temperature and water (Lowman, 2001). Sicknesses also upsurge due to these dissimilarities in the weather conditions and climate. As the industrial sector is making attempt to have transitioned to low-carbon energy sources to tackle the climate change, the dairy industry should also make attempt for an ethical and sustainable alternative. Many reports have argued that the livestock emissions can be managed with better managing patterns, carbon sequestration, and modifications in animal feed. As consumer demand is one of the most influential strategies for the betterment of animal welfare and environmental problems, the peoples need to reduce the food waste and should consume more plant-based diets. Opportunities in Dairy Industry There is a great opportunity for the growth of the Australias dairy industry. It can be a major player in defining the issues for the global food security. The Australian Dairy Industry could become a significant path to meet the ever-increasing demand of the consumers. The Australian dairy technology and services have great opportunities to get expand in the market of China (Lowman, 2001). A commission from the Australias leading dairy services and technology businesses is providing the opportunity for the growth in increasing Chinese dairy market. The Australian can describe the hereditary and generative technology, veterinary facilities, upbringing stock, and the farm organization (Eicher, 2001). The Australia-China Dairy industries are increasing the communication between them for establishing solid communication between the dairy farms, research institutes and research institutes in both countries. The dairy services between these countries have introduced the advanced Australian products and services that mainly concentrate on breeding, animal health and gene technology. References Australian dairy industry in focus 2006. (2007). 1st ed. Southbank, Vic.: Dairy Australia. Bethune, M. and Armstrong, D. (2004). Overview of the irrigated dairy industry in Australia.Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44(2), p.127. Clark, S. and Bodyfelt, F. (2009).The sensory evaluation of dairy products. 1st ed. New York, NY: Springer. Eicher, S. (2001). Transportation of Cattle in the Dairy Industry: Current Research and Future Directions.Journal of Dairy Science, 84, pp.E19-E23. International Dairy Federation/Dairy Industry Association of Australia Functional Dairy Foods Conference: 24-25 February 2009, Melbourne, Australia. (2009).Nutrition Dietetics, 66(2), pp.121-122. Lowman, B. (2001). Challenges facing the UK cattle industry.In Practice, 23(8), pp.482-489. Skill needs now and in the future in the rural industry. (2001). 1st ed. [Canberra?]: Rural Industry Working Group. Thomas, A. (2003).Dairy products. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Chelsea Clubhouse Books.

China and Democracy

Arguments for and Against Democracy The proponents of it, see democracy as good and very important. It enables individuals to decide what is good for them. Others argue that people don’t know what is in their best interests. Also, the definition of autonomy to various individuals differs. For example, democracy cannot in itself ensure that each individual will prevail.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on China and Democracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Democracy provides a mechanism for solving group conflicts and social differences. It offers a channel for open discussion and expression of diverse ideas for better decision making. But then, the value of democracy in theory is very different in practice. Even when there is economic growth, it has always been accompanied by social inequality, embezzlement of public wealth and grand corruption. Public dissatisfaction with how democracy works has b een evident with the various civil protests on hampered economic growth, social inequality and the subsequent emergence of criminal gangs. Some just waive their constitutional right to vote. In fact, most individuals believe in the rule by the technocratic elite as compared to democracy. Democracy’s ability to result to economic sustainability is contentious. This I because the heavy taxation often results to reduced productivity. Further, it may not be able to curb inflation through strict policies. Democracy also leads to religious and ethnic conflicts. Economic association and availability of information and transparency and accountability yield economic growth. Without democracy, there is no way of making the government accountable through the electoral process making them wasteful in their economic dealings. Chinese perception of democracy The Chinese citizens favor an economically rich country as opposed to their desire for a democratic society. Freedom is not the only way to measure what is important to a society. Instead, it should be associated with something of value to society. Democracy does not mean much if the citizenry is hungry, sick, uneducated and generally chained with poverty. Chinese scholars argue that how democracy can only be equated to how much individuals are able to make decisions on what they hold important in their life. It is the abilities that one has to make his own individual choices on the things that we value and hold in high regard. People associate leaders with individuals who have acted to empower people rather than those who concentrate on economic growth. The Chinese public however, views the government as caretakers and protector other than as owing obligations to them to offer them the basic needs.Advertising Looking for critical writing on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chinese movement towards democracy At the beginning, due to the s courge of war, instability and famine facing them, the Chinese people were only concerned with fighting for a peaceful and safe environment that is free from hunger with political stability and cohesion. They did not worry about individual freedom and democracy. And these they achieved less for the now emerging high cases of instability and criminality in their country and people have resulted into ranking social order as the topmost current concern for them. Then there was need for educating the public so as to empower them to utilize the opportunities available for economic growth. Basic education was integral for the Chinese people to integrate their own economic goals with the world market. Though the government was unable to achieve a compulsory nine years education for all its masses, it is determined to universalize its education system in this era that education has become important for any individual to be successful in life, even in the Chinese economy. The Chinese governm ent has also worked hard towards the realization of an improved health facilities and nutrition. There is increase in both protective and curative measures adopted as well as fight against epidemics and improved sanitation. This has resulted to low mortality rate and increased life expectancy laying a ground for the need of higher rights. Women rights have also taken shape where women can choose their own spouses, right to divorce, to education and even to hold a job. They are also empowered to make political stands. Even though this has not been fully realized, it has been a great milestone for the Chinese people. The people’s right to a job and subsequently the employer’s right to choose a worker of his choice have created free movement of labor as opposed to the rigid and immobile system that existed, even though this has resulted to risk of unemployment since the government no longer guarantees the public with jobs. Further, almost all the population has been issue d with houses increasing people’s freedom to make decisions concerning their own lives leading to economic growth. This in turn has resulted to institutional and cultural change pushing political reforms even higher. Chinese Reaction to Democracy Chinese public has its own feelings toward the individual freedoms and rights. From the controlled flow of information, now there is not only increased freedom of speech but also increased use of the internet and international communication through fax, telephones, mails and computers.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on China and Democracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The government has invested heavily on technology and telecommunications all over the country. The media is no longer under the threat of the government on what it publishes. However, the media is not as free as it should be. There are still limitations imposed on the media both directly by the government and indirectly by the business people. But the freedom has its own disadvantages such as the uncontrolled informational flow carrying with it lifestyles that were formally regarded as a taboo thus eroding public morals and standards of values, especially with pornography infiltrating the market. However, people generally believe that the media should expose the current social evils and problems facing the country, as they too no longer support the increased freedom of information. The right to consumer goods too has a different aspect to it. If ones financial position is low, then the right to choose the products he would want to consume is inhibited and does not help. But the Chinese economy has grown thus empowering the consumers to purchase not only the necessities, but also the luxuries. Further, the right to choose consumer goods cannot in itself ensure that consumers get exactly what they want to buy. It requires an additional right to consumer protection by state against the producers so they can enjoy the primary right. Also, the right to work and live in a house of your own as granted by the state is still regulated by the market forces of labor. Most of the population is now faced with massive unemployment leading to social disparities and therefore reduced ability to own houses. Also, the people have a right to personal lifestyle through the music they listen to though most of them listen to music reflecting their values. There are also other rights such as right to inheritance, to dealing in stocks, to acquire wealth or hard currency. Therefore, what democracy means for the majority of other countries may not be the same conception for the Chinese people. They define what democracy is and they act towards its realization, their democracy. This critical writing on China and Democracy was written and submitted by user Haley Pennington to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Simple Heart by Gustave Flaubert Study Guide

A Simple Heart by Gustave Flaubert Study Guide â€Å"A Simple Heart† by Gustave Flaubert describes the life, the affections, and the fantasies of a diligent, kindhearted servant named Fà ©licità ©. This detailed story opens with an overview of Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s working life- most of which has been spent serving a middle-class widow named Madame Aubain, â€Å"who, it must be said, was not the easiest of people to get on with† (3). However, during her fifty years with Madame Aubain, Fà ©licità © has proved herself to be an excellent housekeeper. As the third-person narrator of â€Å"A Simple Heart† states: â€Å"No one could have been more persistent when it came to haggling over prices and, as for cleanliness, the spotless state of her saucepans was the despair of all the other serving maids† (4). Though a model servant, Fà ©licità © had to endure hardship and heartbreak early in life. She lost her parents at a young age and had a few brutal employers before she met Madame Aubain. In her teenage years, Fà ©licità © also struck up a romance with a â€Å"fairly well off† young man named Thà ©odore- only to find herself in agony when Thà ©odore abandoned her for an older, wealthier woman (5-7). Soon after this, Fà ©licità © was hired to look after Madame Aubain and the two young Aubain children, Paul and Virginie. Fà ©licità © formed a series of deep attachments during her fifty years of service. She became devoted to Virginie, and closely followed Virginie’s church activities: â€Å"She copied the religious observances of Virginie, fasting when she fasted and going to confession whenever she did† (15). She also became fond of her nephew Victor, a sailor whose travels â€Å"took him to Morlaix, to Dunkirk and to Brighton and after each trip, he brought back a present for Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬  (18). Yet Victor dies of yellow fever during a voyage to Cuba, and the sensitive and sickly Virginie also dies young. The years pass, â€Å"one very much like another, marked only by the annual recurrence of the church festivals,† until Fà ©licità © finds a new outlet for her â€Å"natural kind-heartedness† (26-28). A visiting noblewoman gives Madame Aubain a parrot- a noisy, stubborn parrot named Loulou- and Fà ©licità © wholeheartedly begins looking after the bird. Fà ©licità © starts to go deaf and suffers from â€Å"imaginary buzzing noises in her head† as she grows older, yet the parrot is a great comfort- â€Å"almost a son to her; she simply doted on him† (31). When Loulou dies, Fà ©licità © sends him to a taxidermist and is delighted with the â€Å"quite magnificent† results (33). But the years ahead are lonely; Madame Aubain dies, leaving Fà ©licità © a pension and (in effect) the Aubain house, since â€Å"nobody came to rent the house and nobody came to buy it† (37). Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s health deteriorates, though she still keeps informed about religious ceremonies. Shortly before her death, she contributes the stuffed Loulou to a local church display. She dies as a church procession is underway, and in her final moments envisions â€Å"a huge parrot hovering above her head as the heavens parted to receive her† (40). Background and Contexts Flaubert’s Inspirations: By his own account, Flaubert was inspired to write â€Å"A Simple Heart† by his friend and confidante, the novelist George Sand. Sand had urged Flaubert to abandon his typically harsh and satiric treatment of his characters for a more compassionate way of writing about suffering, and the story of Fà ©licità © is apparently the result of this effort. Fà ©licità © herself was based on the Flaubert family’s longtime maidservant Julie. And in order to master the character of Loulou, Flaubert installed a stuffed parrot on his writing desk. As he noted during the composition of â€Å"A Simple Heart†, the sight of the taxidermy parrot â€Å"is beginning to annoy me. But I’m keeping him there, to fill my mind with the idea of parrothood.† Some of these sources and motivations help to explain the themes of suffering and loss that are so prevalent in â€Å"A Simple Heart†. The story was begun around 1875 and appeared in book form in 1877. In the meantime, Flaubert had run up against financial difficulties, had watched as Julie was reduced to blind old age, and had lost George Sand (who died in 1875). Flaubert would eventually write to Sand’s son, describing the role that Sand had played in the composition of â€Å"A Simple Heart†: â€Å"I had begun â€Å"A Simple Heart† with her in mind and exclusively to please her. She died when I was in the middle of my work.† For Flaubert, the untimely loss of Sand had a larger message of melancholy: â€Å"So is it with all our dreams.† Realism in the 19th Century: Flaubert was not the only major 19th-century author to focus on simple, commonplace, and often powerless characters. Flaubert was the successor of two French novelists- Stendhal and Balzac- who excelled at portraying middle- and upper-middle-class characters in an unadorned, brutally honest manner. In England, George Eliot depicted hardworking but far-from-heroic farmers and tradesmen in rural novels such as Adam Bede, Silas Marner, and Middlemarch; while Charles Dickens portrayed the downtrodden, impoverished residents of cities and industrial towns in the novels Bleak House and Hard Times. In Russia, the subjects of choice were perhaps more unusual: children, animals, and madmen were a few of the characters depicted by such writers as Gogol, Turgenev, and Tolstoy. Even though everyday, contemporary settings were a key element of the 19th-century realist novel, there were major realist works- including several of Flaubert’s- that depicted exotic locations and strange events. â€Å"A Simple Heart† itself was published in the collection Three Tales, and Flaubert’s other two tales are very different: â€Å"The Legend of St. Julien the Hospitaller†, which abounds in grotesque description and tells a story of adventure, tragedy, and redemption; and â€Å"Herodias†, which turns a lush Middle Eastern setting into a theater for grand religious debates. To a large extent, Flaubert’s brand of realism was based not on the subject matter, but on the use of minutely-rendered details, on an aura of historical accuracy, and on the psychological plausibility of his plots and characters. Those plots and characters could involve a simple servant, a renowned medieval saint, or aristocrats from ancient times. Key Topics Flaubert’s Depiction of Fà ©licità ©: By his own account, Flaubert designed â€Å"A Simple Heart† as â€Å"quite simply the tale of the obscure life of a poor country girl, devout but not given to mysticism† and took a thoroughly straightforward approach to his material: â€Å"It is in no way ironic (though you might suppose it to be so) but on the contrary very serious and very sad. I want to move my readers to pity, I want to make sensitive souls weep, being one myself.† Fà ©licità © is indeed a loyal servant and a pious woman, and Flaubert keeps a chronicle of her responses to major losses and disappointments. But it is still possible to read Flaubert’s text as an ironic commentary on Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s life. Early on, for instance, Fà ©licità © is described in the following terms: â€Å"Her face was thin and her voice was shrill. At twenty-five, people took her to be as old as forty. After her fiftieth birthday, it became impossible to say what age she was at all. She hardly ever spoke, and her upright stance and deliberate movements gave her the appearance of a woman made out of wood, driven as if by clockwork† (4-5). Though Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s unappealing appearance can earn a reader’s pity, there is also a touch of dark humor to Flaubert’s description of how strangely Fà ©licità © has aged. Flaubert also gives an earthy, comic aura to one of the great objects of Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s devotion and admiration, the parrot Loulou: â€Å"Unfortunately, he had the tiresome habit of chewing his perch and he kept plucking out his feathers, scattering his droppings everywhere and splashing the water from his bath† (29). Although Flaubert invites us to pity Fà ©licità ©, he also tempts us to regard her attachments and her values as ill-advised, if not absurd. Travel, Adventure, Imagination: Even though Fà ©licità © never travels too far, and even though Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s knowledge of geography is extremely limited, images of travel and references to exotic locations figure prominently in â€Å"A Simple Heart†. When her nephew Victor is at sea, Fà ©licità © vividly imagines his adventures: â€Å"Prompted by her recollection of the pictures in the geography book, she imagined him being eaten by savages, captured by monkeys in a forest or dying on some deserted beach† (20). As she grows older, Fà ©licità © becomes fascinated with Loulou the parrot- who â€Å"came from America†- and decorates her room so that it resembles â€Å"something halfway between a chapel and a bazaar† (28, 34). Fà ©licità © is clearly intrigued by the world beyond the Aubains’ social circle, yet she is incapable of venturing out into it. Even trips that take her slightly outside her familiar settings- her efforts to see Victor off on his voyage (18-19), her journey to Honfleur (32-33)- unnerve her considerably. A Few Discussion Questions 1) How closely does â€Å"A Simple Heart† follow the principles of 19th-century realism? Can you find any paragraphs or passages that are excellent specimens of a â€Å"realist† way of writing? Can you find any places where Flaubert departs from traditional realism? 2) Consider your initial reactions to â€Å"A Simple Heart† and to Fà ©licità © herself. Did you perceive the character of Fà ©licità © as admirable or ignorant, as hard to read or totally straightforward? How do you think Flaubert wants us to react to this character- and what do you think Flaubert himself thought of Fà ©licità ©? 3) Fà ©licità © loses many of the people who are closest to her, from Victor to Virginie to Madame Aubain. Why is the theme of loss so prevalent in â€Å"A Simple Heart†? Is the story meant to be read as a tragedy, as a statement of the way life really is, or as something else completely? 4) What role do references to travel and adventure play in â€Å"A Simple Heart†? Are these references meant to show how little Fà ©licità © really knows about the world, or do they lend her existence a special air of excitement and dignity? Consider a few specific passages and what they say about the life Fà ©licità © leads. Note on Citations All page numbers refer to Roger Whitehouses translation of Gustave Flauberts Three Tales, which contains the full text of A Simple Heart (introduction and notes by Geoffrey Wall; Penguin Books, 2005).

Panasonic- Participation Strategy in Brazil Essay

Panasonic- Participation Strategy in Brazil - Essay Example Organizations have a range of entry modes to choose from when entering a foreign market. The choice of entry mode depends on the specific requirements of the business. Primarily, it depends on the degree of control the business wants over its operations and the risk that the mode implies (Schmidt 2010, p.18). Depending on the level of control, entry modes can be grouped into high/full controls or low/shared controls. There are advantages and disadvantages to each mode of entry, which would be discussed subsequently. 3.1.1. Exporting Exporting is done by businesses who are intending to sell home-produced products in foreign countries. It is one of the most widely used modes of entry because of its simplicity. It saves the business the cost of setting up a production facility in the target country. It is preferable because it allows the business to penetrate the market slowly and steadily, without risking much. Although it gives an insight into future expansion, exporting, however, doe s not allow for a quick feedback to its customers. Exported products have tariffs levied on them and there are a number of logistical obstructions in delivering the product from the producer to the consumer (Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt 2011, p.176). 3.1.2. Licensing Licensing is another choice, offering benefits such as lesser capital investment and evasion of trade barriers. It allows a firm operating in the target country to use the company’s intellectual property and resources for introducing the business; albeit under the control of the licensor. Thereby, licensing does not offering autonomy over operations; in fact it makes the licensee rely more on the licensor. Licensing has lesser risks associated with it but it does not promote profitability in the long run nor ensures if the licensor would not exploit the company’s resources, becoming a competitor itself (Ireland et al 2011, p.177). 3.1.3. Strategic alliances Strategic alliances are yet another form of entry mode whereby the business works together with a company based in the local market. On the foremost basis, it allows the firm to gain strategic advantages, bypass trade barriers and to gain economies of scale. However, it requires that a lot of research is undertaken to find a company with which to corroborate with. The consequences of working with a company whose values and core objectives are not aligned with the company expanding abroad can completely undermine the purpose of such a venture. The degree of control can also cause significant ripples (Anonym 2008, p.16). 3.1.4. Foreign Direct Investment Compared to other entry modes, this mode of entry is generally feasible and allows the organisation to gain complete ownership rights of the facility without any share with a partner. It offers the organisation greater control over its operations and allows a deeper insight into consumer behaviour in the target country. Companies which cannot export products due to their characteristi c nature benefit greatly from such direct investment (Cullen and Parboteeah 2008, p.283). However a major drawback of such a venture is that it is time-consuming and not only requires extensive knowledge and skills transfer, but is also demanding in terms of capital and management (Ireland et al 2009, p.159). It is also takes time to establish the brand

Barging Power of Buyer in Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Barging Power of Buyer in Apple Inc - Essay Example It thus becomes vital for the company to change the prices of the commodities to accommodate the financial condition of the consumers. When they lower these prices, the consumers continue shopping steadily in the company. Purchases product volume is another critical aspect to consider regarding the bargaining power of the consumer. When Apple produces a commodity and it does not have many purchases, it has no option but to follow the prices that the consumers are willing to offer for it (Hill 143). When the company changes or rather adjusts the prices to suit the consumer, it definitely experiences an increase in purchases product volume. Customer loyalty is another integral concept. For Apple to continue sustaining the consumers that it has, it is appropriate and advisable for the company to set appropriate prices. Failure to set appropriate prices would see the customers failing to purchase commodities from the company. This leads to the company obliging to the bargaining power of the customers and lowering the prices. Companies have always worked effectively to see to it that they achieve large profit margins. However, consumers through their bargaining power have countered this

Theoretical Perspectives On A Family

Theoretical Perspectives On A Family Theories have been useful as a tool for creating explanations for patterns of behaviour in families (Doherty et al:, 1993). Functionalism gives an extremely optimistic view of family life. Langs evidence on child abuse, violence against women and divorce statistics indicates that functionalists neglect the dysfunctional aspects of the nuclear family. Functionalism focused excessively on the nuclear family form and insufficiently on other family forms. Marxist and Functionalist theories of the family tend to assume that the nuclear family is the dominant family form and therefore neglect diversity. Both structural approaches to the family Marxism and Functionalism can be deterministic, and this can make their analyses inaccurate and maybe over-generalised. Feminists, interactionists and the radical psychiatrists of the 1960s (Laing, Leach and Cooper) have all helped to correct these weaknesses.  Postmodernism has helpfully emphasised diversity, but it can be argued that it goes too far, ignoring the evidence of structural trends and dominant norms in our society(Doherty et al:, 1993). Functionalist approach presents the most positive view of theory. Types of Family The nuclear family is traditionally known to be made of the parents and their siblings and this is the most basic family arrangement. While the nuclear family is made- up father, mother and their offspring, extended family refers to aunts, grandparents, cousins and uncles. I would like to think that most societies have a concept of extended family. The relative structure, functions and importance vary according to the particular culture. Traditionally, extended family is referred to as kinship network of economics and social ties made-up of the nuclear family plus other relatives. The economic and social importance of extended family can most readily be seen when family members are living together. Even when extended families do not live together, nuclear families may rely on extended kin to help with basic day to day activities and may also co-dependent on extender family for economically and emotionally support. Contemporary family is ..In any particular time and place, families have always been more varied than the prevailing image of what the ideal family should be. Although family types are even more diverse than in the past, most contemporary families are still variations on the traditional nuclear family pattern. Family structure Lone parent Single parent can be caused by death of a spouse, divorce, and separation. This may lead to single parents being overwhelmed with their loss and the responsibilities. Most single parents are women, who may face somewhat lower income and will often rely on child support and government subsides. When parents divorce or are widowed children often experience loss and a disruption of routine. Children may also need a lot of attention, affection, and reassurance (Meyerhoff, 2010). Reconstituted family As we tend to think of families consists of a mother, father and their children, the reality is that there is a lot of divorces and remarriages occurring in our society such that a large number of families are actually stepfamilies. In remarried families, parenting is shared among different sets of parents and different household. Children will tend to visit in and out of households for visitations. Issues with children not accepting parenting from their stepparents can be an issue and this can be hard on children as well as the parents. Strong sense of loss can recur in remarried families due to the families not feeling intact, which may sometimes cause emotional scars, conflicting loyalties. Remarried families can be complex. Each additional member of the family system allows for another relationship or another with every other member of the family. The family is made up of biological parents, grandparents, siblings, stepparents, stepsiblings, half siblings and step-grandparents (M eyerhoff, 2010). With this many relationships between so many people there is potential for stress, but there is equally an increased potential for a large support network if everyone cooperates and communicates well. Hence reward can be tremendous. Adoption family Adoption family structure is complex but potentially rewarding . Changes in family structure Family structure has changed significantly in recent years, with increasing divorce rates and single-parent households (Field, 2003). Evolving definitions of family include people who may not be kin, but who act as family for some individuals, Rothausen (1999). Bogan (1991) uses the term wider families to refer to the concept and opines that such families result from individuals lifestyles and may not involve the sharing of a household. This concept of family describes a group of people who are invested in one another due to bonds of dependence, obligation or duty, love caring or cooperation (Rothausen, 1999). In the same way Weeks, Heapy and Donovan (2001) refer to same -sex families which are founded on bonds of individual choice, as families of choice. There is also a great deal of cultural variability in how the term family is defined. Changes to the family structure is also happening through ethnic difference which is also influenced by religion within the society In many Asian countries, a normal family may include three or more generations living in one household (Rothausen, Kanye, 2005). And as life expectancy continues to rise the number of multigenerational families may increase (Levade et al, 2000). The dynamics of family have changed, with couples having children later on following economic stability and careers. A lot of women are pursuing careers thereby starting family in the late 30s. Families might only have one child, this could lead to the child being spoiled (through parents trying to over compensate) and lonely. With new legalisation allowing same-sex couples to adopt families in place, the traditional family structure has changed to contemporary. Discussion Family friendly government policies are helping families by providing childcare, pre and after school care benefits (tax credit), vouchers, extended maternity and paternity leave, flexible work / life balance, Finn (2010). This is allowing families to spend more time together there by forming strong bonds, which is essential for a better relationship between family members. The stronger the relationship the more family became a haven in this heartless world. The family is a social institution. Due to diversity, different cultures have different concepts of family values. Same families can be oppressive (oppress individual development), restrictive, inhibitive and repressive. This can lead to families masking undercurrents and patterns of abuse, violence and potentially exploitation. Finn (2010) states that majority of abuse is within family unit and close relatives. Hence for the abused people family might not be a haven. An example of abuse by family is baby P incident (whereby a little boy lost his life through abuse by family members and extended family members). Baby Ps abuse occurrence and pattern was masked by the same family members who abused him, therefore family was not a haven for baby P. More often abused people sometimes become anti-social because of their lake of trust and also often became withdrawn such that they are un-productive. Abused people may often confide in people outside the family unit and are most like to beco me estranged to their biological family and they will forge relationship with people who they will consider as family. They often get support from outside the family unit. The will make family of choice based on friendship and this family of choice might be their haven in the heartless world, Lasch (1977). Support from family members differ between same -sex and opposite sex couple. The research by Kurdeck (2001) found that gays and lesbians received very little support from their families of origin as compared to the heterosexual couples, Bravewoman et al (1998). For the gays and lesbians who do not have support from their family of origin family is not a haven of. They might face the pressure from society and family to conform to what is traditional. This can lead to unrest, but family is a haven for the gays and lesbians who have strong family ties. Lawrence Stone (1977) argued that, the new family ideal prescribed domestic privacy and strong emotional attachments between spouses and between parents and children. Todays life style has lead to longevity, meaning parent and child relationship can last fifty years or more. Family remains a central attachment in most peoples lives, thereby family acting as a haven in this heartless world. Summary The change in the perception of family in recent times is through people choosing a family life in whatever shape or form and that people still desire a family life and family is still a required lifestyle option for the majority of people, Finn (2010). Therefore there will always be a variation in family units. Families will come in different shape and sizes and such differentiation is expected. So family will vary from time to time and place to place. For the majority of people the family is a haven in this heartless world, for family is a source of great joy and warmth. Whatever your particular family situation it will have tremendous influence upon your childrens happiness, development and future. A strong relationship with extended families can be just as rewarding as close ties inside the nuclear family. However building those bonds inside the extended family can be a little more difficult because, obviously everyone does not live under the same roof. For young children, living in a big family can be a lot of fun. The traditional family will continue to exist along other alternative family and everyone has a right to choose which family they belong too and the one that suit their situation and circumstances. Hence family life in whatever chosen shape is still the desired and required lifestyle option for the majority of people.

Unhappy Cows – Short Essay

The California dairy Industry would like us, the consumers, to believe that their dairy cows In some mysterious way are â€Å"happy cows†. They literally use this term, thus insinuating that for some reason or another, milk from California is better. Or, perhaps they are trying to convince us that cows in other states are too â€Å"sad† to produce quality milk. However, I say this campaign is nothing but a big pile of manure. Pun intended. I have found no research supporting the claim that California cows are â€Å"happy sows†.At least, no happier than normal. In fact, Californians practices are quite the same If not Identical to any other states. It Is very sad that they use a campaign of hope and happiness when in all reality their dairy cows are mistreated just like the rest. Dairy cows endure annual cycles of artificial insemination, mechanized milking for 10 months out of each year, which includes 7 months out of the 9 months a cow may be pregnant. Cows both In California and around the nation are given hormones so hat they might produce more milk.This active and rigorous cycle overburdens the cows, thus only making them useful as dairy cows for two years. These particular cows are usually slaughtered at four years old. Dairy cows are expected to produce one calf per year per cow according to the U. S. Department of Agriculture fact sheet. Just imagine what kind of strain this must be on the animal! This would be comparative to a human running or jogging 6 hours a day, every day for a year while pregnant! Does that sound Like a happy cow to oh?Most female dairy calves are eventually put onto the milking line while most of the male calves are found to be useless and are often sold into the veal industry. Yes folks, even the calves from the â€Å"happy' California cows are sold to these kinds of industries. Hundreds of thousands of little baby calves are shoved into cages so small they can't so much as turn around until they are roughly 12 to 14 months old and then they are slaughtered for their meat; the meat that has gone tender after so many months of little to no activity.California is essentially capitalizing on American citizens ignorance of what is happening right in front of them. If people of this country would bother to read the facts, I doubt they would be supporting this ridiculous â€Å"happy cow' business. Perhaps Californians campaign should be a bit more realistic, such as the way we treat our cows will make your milk curdle'. â€Å"Farm Bill : Laws and Regulations : National Agricultural Library. † Information Centers : National Agricultural Library. US Department of Agriculture. Web. 10 Novo. 2011.

Issues in Scottish Curriculum Design Essay

The way that any curricula is broken up into is two main ways; one being the curriculum in action, where the aims, content and experiences of the curriculum on paper are implemented in practice. The other is the curriculum on paper which is the ideology of what should be implemented in education across the board. The ideology in curriculum can be split up into four main categories. Most papers on this topic, agree to an extent what the four ideologies constitute of, but Schiro’s (2008) ideologies are the most commonly known. The ‘Scholar Academic’, the ‘Social Efficiency’, the ‘Learner Centred’ and the ‘Social Reconstruction’ ideologies are the four main categories explained in the Curriculum Theory that will be discussed in this paper in relation to The Curriculum for Excellence, the current curriculum in Scotland. The oldest of the four ideologies is the Scholar Academic ideology which focuses on the accumulation of knowled ge and understanding. The aim of this ideology is to pass on the knowledge of certain disciplines (subject areas), to allow there to be future scholars in that particular area and therefore, further develop understanding. The academic disciplines are the result of the culture’s compiled knowledge and understanding of each area, and with this in mind, the purpose of education is to assist pupils to learn this knowledge. The next ideology is Social Efficiency. This is pretty dominant in our curriculum today and means to prepare the learner for becoming an efficient and contributing member in society. The learner’s objective is to learn certain skills that will in turn achieve certain objectives that benefit society (Lorrie A. 2000). The individual will learn a mixture of knowledge and skills that can be put together, therefore making the skills more efficient and more beneficial to society. The learner centred ideology focuses more on the needs and interests of the individual rather than the c ontent they are to learn. The idea behind this theory is that learning will take place due to the interactions between the individual and their environment, therefore being more down to the experiences rather than the content. The newest of these ideologies is Social Reconstruction. This is where the social reconstructionists are aware of the problems in society and see the job of the educator to correct these problems in the classroom, hoping that it will reconstruct their society as it is (Groenke, S. 2009). The focus of the curriculum would not be based on knowledge but more of values and opinions that would benefit the society and make it attain the greatest satisfaction of its members. In ‘Building the Curriculum 3: A framework for learning and teaching’ it has examples of all four of the classifications of the curriculum ideology provided by Schiro (2008). It has examples of Academic ideology as it discusses the importance of knowledge and the ability and opportunity to increase the depth of knowledge already acquired as it states â€Å"Throughout a young person’s learning there will be increasing specialisation and greater depth, which will lead to subjects increasingly being the principal means of structuring learning and delivering outcomes.† (page 20, Building the Curriculum 3). From this quote we can relate the academic ideology through the concentration on developing knowledge further to specialisation in certain subjects, therefore being able to pass on the knowledge and allow it to grow from there. There are many examples of ‘The Social Efficiency Ideology’ in the paper as it focuses on health and wellbeing experiences and outcomes where the individual’s get the opportunity to gain skills that benefit the individual in life and work, but also the community around them. This is to help them become effective contributors in society: †¦support all children and young people in developing skills which they will use throughout their life and in their work, including the development of pre-vocational, enterprise and employability skills, personal skills, high levels of cognitive skills and the opportunity to put learning into a practical context. (page 15, Building the Curriculum 3) This example shows that the curriculum is aiming to encourage the learning of certain skills that will improve chances of employability and life skills that will help the young people settle into society and be able to play their part within it. The Curriculum for Excellence sees itself as being centred on the learner, and their individual needs. There are plenty examples throughout the paper of this ideology where the child is involved in what they are learning and setting themselves goals to achieve and having choice in what they learn within the curriculum, â€Å"All children and young people should experience personalisation and choice within their curriculum, including identifying and planning for opportunities for personal achievement in a range of different contexts† (page 17, Building the Curriculum 3). This quote shows that the idea of the curriculum is to give young people freedom to make their own decisions in what they are learning and at their own level. There are four capacities that make up the purpose of the curriculum that are described in this paper. ‘Successful learners’, ‘confident individuals’, ‘responsible citizens’ and ‘effective contributors’, are the capacities that the curriculum aims to enable young people to become. ‘Responsible citizens’ is a good example of The Social Reconstructive ideology as it explains how they will learn respect and about different cultures and how to behave responsibly within the community in all aspects (political, cultural or otherwise). As Building the curriculum states: †¦able to develop knowledge and understanding of the world and Scotland’s place in it, understand different beliefs and cultures make informed choices and decisions evaluate environmental, scientific and technological issues develop informed, ethical views of complex. (page 22, Building the Curriculum 3) Here in this example, it shows that the curriculum wants to provide young people with varied knowledge so that the decisions they make in the future will help to create a better society. The idea is to teach them about values and respect so that they may make better informed decisions as to what is best for the society around them. Building the Curriculum 3 contains examples of all four of the ideology categories, but there are two that are most prevalent, ‘Learner Centred’ and ‘Social Efficiency’. Upon examining the evidence in more depth it seems that the ‘Social Efficiency’ ideology is the most dominant within this paper. Its main focus is on preparing and equipping individuals for future endeavours. For instance, the skills needed for future work prospects upon which Kridel’s (ed.2010) summary, of David Sneddon’s idea of social efficiency, explains the curriculum as a way to make individuals efficient for work. As discussed by Arnoldy (online), social efficiency in education is more for the benefit of the social economy than for the individual, but contradicting that theory in this paper, are the examples of learner centred ideology that is dotted throughout. Though, combining these two theories, Valades’ (online) talks about the idea that to help out society, educating young people to learn and improve their skills and capabilities to help the community in the future, is the way forward. From Building the Curriculum 3 and having summarised that the main ideology behind it is focusing on preparing the individuals to become more efficient and productive for contributing to our society, we can see that there will be some implication for teachers. Teachers who have been teaching for years under the same curriculum will struggle to accept the new curriculum, if it is as completely different way to how they have been teaching before. Although the main focus of the curriculum in Scotland has been focused on preparing individuals for the future, it has not been focused on the more individual level. This may cause implication for teachers as they only have specific allocated times to be with classes and it will be hard to offer each individual, the time and attention they need to develop specific skills to the point of being efficient. The teacher will have to focus more on the experiences and outcomes the learners are objected to, to develop the skills needed for the real world. This causes some problems as it depends highly on what the school can afford to give in ways of experiences, as most of these will probably be met outside of school. So, teachers need to find a way of achieving the outcome of making the individual a more effective contributor to society by combining what they learn in and outside of the classroom. This would be a task for teachers, as the environment each individual they teach will be different and this therefore means that the teacher will have to find a way to combine these different environments or find a similarity and focus on that. Building the Curriculum 3 has some implication for teachers, but the focus being on social efficiency means that in some ways there are not so many changes from the past as at least for the last hundred years the school curriculum has been focused on making learners that will have skills that will help them achieve objectives that will make the society a more efficient place. A Comparative Overview of the Curriculum Ideologies – Chapter 6 http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/47671_ch_6.pdf (visited 29th dec 2012) Critical Pedagogy and Teacher Education in the Neoliberal Era: Small Openings pp 3 Springer Netherlands, 2009 volume 6 Susan L. Groenke http://www.geocities.ws/rf_valades/index2.htm Social Efficiency Theory – SAVE SOMETHING TODAY Rodrigo Valades visited 29th dec 2012 The Role of Assessment in a Learning Culture Lorrie A. Shepard Vol. 29, No. 7 (Oct., 2000), pp. 4 American Educational Research Association http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/47671_ch_6.pdf Chapter 6 – A Comparative Overview of the Curriculum Ideologies visited 29th dec 2012 Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies edited by Craig Kridel SAGE Publications Inc 2010 Pg 4-7 Curriculum Theory: Conflicting Visions and Enduring Concerns, Schiro, M. (2008a) SAGE Publications, Inc Pg 199-245 Curriculum Theory: Conflicting Visions and Enduring Concerns Second Edition, Schiro, M. (2012b) SAGE Publications, Inc Building the Curriculum 3: A framework for learning and teaching, The Scottish Government, 2008