Adaptive Physical Education by Steven Symes

Adaptive Physical Education Games By Steven Symes, eHow Contributor Children with disabilities may not be able to participate to the fullest extent in a regular physical education class. Modified activities for children with disabilities can be employed either in a class with children who have no limitations or in a class composed entirely or students with disabilities. 1. Soccer * Soccer fields cover large areas, so decrease the size of the field to reduce the amount of movement required to play the game. If necessary, restrict running so players can participate by walking. Children who use a wheelchair can hold the ball on their laps while they move around the soccer field. Instead of using the traditional soccer ball, use a Nerf ball or other soft material ball to reduce the risk of injury. For children that have visual impairments, use goals that have an element that makes noise when the ball hits it, such as a bell. Basketball * Instead of using the traditional basketball, use different-size balls to make gripping the ball easier. Allow for two-handed dribble so students can maintain control of the ball. An adjustable basketball stand is helpful so the basket can be lowered when the students are first learning how to play the game. Also use larger basketball hoops to make scoring easier. A motion-activated beeper attached to the underside of the basketball hoop will help students with visual impairments know when to shoot the ball. Tennis * Use larger balls that do not fly as quickly through the air to slow down the game play. Remove the center net so students are able to play without constant interruption. Consider using a tee for students to serve the ball from. Allow disabled students to play in pairs with other students who assist in playing the game. For visually impaired students, brightly colored balls help them see the ball. Softball * Instead of traditional softballs and mitts, use balls and mitts with Velcro attached to them. Also use a bat that is larger than the traditional-size bat, making it easier for students to hit the ball. Shrink the size of the diamond so students do not need to run as far to the bases. For students in wheelchairs, use a tee instead of pitching the ball. Consider using balls that have built-in beepers to assist students with visual impairments. * ALEX Resume/CV Parsingwww. hireability. com/ALEX/ale HireAbility is the most accurate & fastest! Fully hosted. Simple setup * The Perfect Golf Swing? PerfectConnectionGolfSwing. com Rebel PGA Instructor Claims He Can Add 20-30 Yards to Anyone's Swing! * Resources for PE Teachingwww. peoffice. co. uk PE Schemes, Lesson Plans, PE Level Descriptors,Assessment,Free lessons * Calm Autism for Freewww. calmautism. com Improve behaviors and sensory issues with proven program Adaptive PE Activities * Adaptive physical education is designed to modify typical activities, addressing the individual needs and abilities of students with development delays or disabilities. The federal government mandates adaptive PE activities through the special education law USCA 1402 (25). Modifying typical activities for the atypical child is fairly easy and provides fun and exercise for all children. Basketball * To modify playing the game of basketball depends upon the particular disability. For students with motor skill delays such as hand-eye coordination, larger balls for easier manipulation can be used. Use a larger net size and consider lowering the height of the goal. Change the rules, such as to allow traveling or two-handed dribbling. Slow the pace and timing down. Students who use wheelchairs can either dribble from the chair with peers pushing the wheelchair—or allow them to carrying the ball in their lap as they hand-wheel down the court. Visually impaired students would benefit from an audio prompt such as a beeper ball or audio sound at the basket. Softball * Developmental delays will require you to modify the equipment used for students. Use Velcro balls and mitts to allow better success at catching a ball. Increase or decrease the size of the bats for better accuracy at hitting. Batting tees will increase the chance of making contact with the ball, especially in the early stages of learning the game. Scale back the size of the playing field and the distance between bases. Peer partner students, which increases success but is also beneficial for student awareness and understanding of disabilities. Changes rules such as tag-outs and increase the number of hitting attempts. Everyone-runs Kickball * Running, no matter your skill or speed, is a great cardio-workout. This version of kickball is fun for all students. The kicking team selects one person to kick and everyone on the team runs to the bases. The game can be scored one of two ways, either when the entire team crosses the home base or the traditional way of scoring each run before receiving three outs. The fielding team must get the ball and pass it to each and every team member and finally to the pitcher. Play stops when pitcher has the ball. Students can be peer partnered for running, fielding and pitching. References * PE Central: Adapted Physical Education * PE Central: Adapted Activities/Basketball * PE Central: Adapted Activities/Softball Resources * Heartland Area Education Agency: Adapted PE

Will E-Market Replace Traditional Marketing, in the Future

E-market or internet marketing is getting wider as the consumer only need the internet to buy or order the stuff they needed. They don’t need to go to the actual place to order but with just a single click they can have whatever they want. There are both advantages and disadvantages in e-marketing. However, as modernization occurs e-marketing is something many can’t live without. Everything is made easier with a click on the finger tips as the consumer have everything at their expense. However, if the E-marketing dominated the business world, it doesn’t mean that the traditional marketing will be replaced.Even though it is widely agreed by many that e-marketing will replace traditional marketing, but I think somehow that either one will work. Since internet nowadays is widely used by the people all around the world. This makes the Internet able to connect to others and target the customer is better as the customer are able to surf the Internet anywhere and anytim e. E-marketing is important and the ability to reach a targeted audience is better than the traditional marketing. According toB2B Magazine Survey (2005) as quoted by Harris in WebProNews, it says that there are 95% of purchasing agents use the web to research products and services.Most of the agent uses the web to research the goods and also to decide either to buy it or not. Furthermore, the customer also uses the web to search for the things that they wanted to buy or make the survey online to ensure that they have the best price and not cheated at the same time. With e-marketing websites such as, e-Bay, i. Send and Newzapp and mushrooming all over the cyber community, it is undeniable that in one way or another, its presence cannot be ignored. According to Ritu who is a freelance writer from Freelance. om says, â€Å"When it comes to marketing and advertising your services, it really is a jungle out there. Although there are many different forms of marketing, lately everybody s eems to be dancing to the tune of internet marketing not realizing the fact that traditional marketing isn’t out of beat yet, and I sincerely doubt it will ever be. † It has become booming business for them, as their business cater to the needs of many costumers, as compared to traditional marketing.Their products are economical, in which some people can get good quality products from USD 0. 9 dollars! Indeed, this is one of the major reasons that e-marketing appalled too many. Besides that, they are quick to promote their products too! With a click of a mouse, pictures and description of the particular product can be circulated quickly. Within minutes, their advertisement of this product has been viewed by hundred, thousand, and even millions! Hawkins (n. d) from Overstock. com once said this, â€Å"Every year the marketing landscape changes, every year the customers become more demanding, every year they’re wanting more things.You have to always be sprinting t o stay ahead of the competition. † That is the reason why the Internet marketing is used worldwide now; it is because of the customers being more demanding from day to day. Have you ever heard of Internet frauds? Some products do not appear to be as good as it looked like online. Images of the particular product can be photoshoped; camera lighting can be adjusted to make the product look better. Sometimes too, irresponsible sellers who are all out to make a fast buck may send the costumer a product that ceased to function.Only after paying a large amount of money, the costumer realized that it is actually a fraud! In the other hand, frauds are not so common in traditional marketing, as the costumer gets to choose and test the product well before buying it. According to the new statistics from San Francisco Chronicle written by Rosenberg (2007), victims of the 419-type scams had an average loss of $5,100 last year, an increase of $100 per incident compared with 2005 levels and an increase of $2,100 per incident compared with 2004.This shows that the e-marketing is not as safe as we thought it was. In the other hand, traditional marketing is slowly being forgotten as we step into the 21st century because the products are expensive! With products being handed down from the factory through a middle man, before it finally reaches the hands of the consumer, many additional charges have been added on. As a consumer, surely people prefer to get the same product for a cheaper price! Aside from that, traditional marketing too, can be demanding in another aspect.Have you ever been approached by promoters, all ready to give a lengthy explanations about the product they are about to sell to you? The con of traditional marketing is that it requires investment of time for promotion for the particular product. The seller themselves, approach the costumer to promote the product. In other words, traditional marketing can be considered inefficient. As logic tells us, how m any customers can the promoter approach a day? 30, 40 or 50 a day?Therefore, transmission of information for the particular product can be a slow to reach the customers when traditional marketing is used. According to the Harvard Business Review article written by Bill on August 2012, he said that the traditional marketing; including advertising, public relations, branding and corporate communications — is dead. It is because many people in traditional marketing roles and organizations may not realize they're operating within a dead paradigm. But they are. The evidence is clear that the traditional marketing era is almost end.However, it is agreeable that somehow, e-marketing will not take over traditional marketing. Why? According to Aronsky & Zchut (2011) from netlz. net, it says that one of the main reasons that traditional marketing appalled to many costumers is that there is human communication between the seller and the buyer. It is widely agreed that human communicatio n is essential to make a promotion for a product a success. While e-marketing depends solely on the advertisements circulated in the Internet, traditional marketing involves a human touch in the promotion of products.Demonstrations can be held to convince the costumer about the good qualities of the product, special discounts can be given. Haller (2010) from EzineArticles. com stated that trust is a huge factor of any business, regardless of how it is promoted. Laughter and jokes, and even personal stories of one’s experience using the product can be exchanged between the promoter and the costumer. Traditional marketing makes the business world less mundane and lively with the presence of human interaction, compared to the e-marketing world.Odden (2011) from TopRank quoted Ann Handley who is a Chief Content Officer at MarketingProfs and co-author of Content Rules once said this, â€Å"Even when you are marketing to your entire audience or customer base, you are still simply speaking to a single human at any given time. Worry less about sounding professional and worry more about creating remarkable content that other humans can relate to. † What she was trying to deliver was that traditional marketing begins when there is communication between two human being.In brief, e-marketing and traditional marketing is important to us in the future as e-marketing will save us time and also transportation cost. According to What is eMarketing and how it is better than traditional marketing? Article from Quirk. biz, â€Å"Marketing was a stories they used to convince other humans to trade Human have come a long way since then, (Well, we like to think we have) and marketing has too. Traditional marketing is also very important to us as it is an irreplaceable business in the world nowadays or in the future. Both of the business is important and can’t be replaced as it has its own value and also its own benefits.

Novel Room Analysis

Jack's mother however has a tougher time than her son even though she was once part of this society. Because of her isolation for seven years and he birth of her son, Jack's mother struggles to readjust to her old life. Since her new life revolves around Jack her concern towards him at the beginning makes her adaptation a slower process but as she realizes his true importance in her life he becomes the reason for her sudden improvement. The birth of Jack gave his mother a purpose to live and a reason to believe that escape was still a possibility.When Jack's mother is being interviewed in front of a live audience, she explains Jack's impact on her life, â€Å"Jack was everything. I was alive again, I mattered† (Donahue, 233). After her unsuccessful attempts to escape from Old Nick's imprisonment, Jack's mother loses all of her faith and gives up on believing that she could have a regular life once again. This only changes when her son is born and she acquires a new purpose, re sponsibility in her life. Because she was the only person present in Jack's life, she had to pass on to him everything that she was capable of.This included simple things such as teaching him how to brush his teeth or how to take a bath. Jack would not have learned these things if it were not for his mother. She knows how important she is to him when she says, â€Å"l was just afraid Jack would get ill – me too, he needed me to be K† (233). This idea of being needed by someone is what Jack's mother needs to keep going and to forget the circumstances that she was living in. As a consequence of being born hidden from society, Jack grew in an imaginary world which was created by his mother.This was done to prevent Jack from dreaming of a life that he could never have and to give his mother control over things. However, this only worked until they were rescued exposing Jack to the real world. When the interviewer asks his mother if it will be easier to untie raising jack i n this new world she says it will be more difficult. She says, â€Å"Its actually harder. When our world was eleven foot square it was easier to control. Lots of things are freaking Jack right now. But I hate the way the media call him a freak, or an idiot savant, or feral, that word† (236).Jack's mother is not only worried about her son's future but she is also wondering whether this fantasy she created for her son was a great idea. This concern she has towards Jack is making her life miserable because she has not only to take care of herself but also of her son. The mother was locked up for seven ears and just like Jack she has to adapt to society once again. The way the media sees and talks about him affects her because she does not see him that way. She is afraid that he will suffer for the rest of life if this image others have of him does not change.The overwhelming pressure and responsibility Jack's mother experiences causes her to try to take her life away. When Jack returns from a trip with his uncle he notices that something is wrong, â€Å"l see Ma's pill bottles open on the table, they look mostly empty. Never more than two, that's the rule, how could they be mostly empty, where id the pills go? ‘ (249). Swallowing the extra pills is the best way Jack's mother sees to avoid having to face her problems. She knows attack's adaptation to society will not happen suddenly and for it to move forward she needs to participate.However, she does not think that she is well and ready enough to play the supportive and strong mother figure Jack needs at this moment. The way she deals with her desperation by giving up on everything and everyone around her shows her lack of maturity. If she dealt with her problems as a mature adult she would not have done what she did because at first she loud have thought about Jack instead of herself. The constant attention and questioning from the media makes her doubt whether she would be up for the challenge of taking care of Jack.When she is being interviewed, Jack's mother demonstrates how tired she is of the all the attention they have been getting lately, â€Å"I'm not a saint. Wish people would stop treating us like we're the only ones who ever lived through something terrible. â€Å"(235). Besides doubting herself there were others including family members that disbelieved in her capacity. It is clear that her insecurity is worsened by other people's pylons. When Jack's mother realizes of the mistake she is done, she decides to start from the beginning with her son.When Jack sees her mother for the first time after her incident she says, â€Å"Guess what, Jack, you and me have our own For someone who is been through a lot, the idea of living on her own with a five year old child is not an easy decision. This strength she shows is a result of her immense love for her son. The mother at this point has already realized that she needs Jack just as much as he needs her. Jack instead of making her adaptation a slower process helps his mother o see that moving on by building a new life could be the answer to all of her problems.When Jack's mother mentions to one of her counselors that Jack has been enough for her, she is told that this is a result of her becoming a mature and responsible mother (314). She is not the same woman she was before she was taken. Raising Jack is the only pride she has left and the only thing that keeps her going. Regardless all of the suffering and sacrifices, she raised a perfectly healthy child that has the potential to be successful in the future. The love Jack's mother has for her son is the major factor for err improvement, well – being.

Exploring the Intergration of Special Needs Pupils in Main Stream Essay

Exploring the Intergration of Special Needs Pupils in Main Stream Schools - Essay Example Primarily, children with disabilities -- either physical or mental, or both -- were considered as ineducable that they naturally and simply would not be allowed to enroll in educational programs of any form, especially those who are severely disabled; a condition which continues to affect some of these people even until now (Charlton, 2000, p.43). Nevertheless, as civilization sprang and as equality among communities of different backgrounds and characteristics had since then been pushed by many of its advocates, public policies thrust efforts of educating this particular population by creating specific and segregated bodies that can provide and cater for their specific needs (Power-deFur & Orelove, 1997, p.1). The children with SEN are categorized according to their identified needs and disabilities. Parents, and even government authorities, as well as experts, then decide as to what specific institutions and educational models or approaches would fit to offer and accommodate the sp ecial needs of these children based on prior studies and evidences (Lindsay, 2003). Many believe that these steps of segregation are essential; that they not only offer education and a brighter future to the children with learning difficulties but it does so in a safe and secured environment as they (e.g., parents, guardians, etc.) perceive it and as proposed by existing guidelines (Bredekamp & Rosegrant, 1992). However, just as it has been pointed out earlier, human right advocates say that exclusion of children with SEN from the mainstream education is an offense to their rights; resulting to further seclusion of this particular population and their families from the general society which take toll on their social, economical, psychological, and emotional present and future health and... This essay approves that children with disabilities -- either physical or mental, or both -- were considered as ineducable that they naturally and simply would not be allowed to enroll in educational programs of any form, especially those who are severely disabled; a condition which continues to affect some of these people even until now. This report makes a conclusion that the case study will include three main methodologies to gather the data needed for analyses and interpretation. The case participants will be subjected to uninformed observation and one-on-one interview with the child, a family member, a teacher, and a head of the inclusive education institution. The study will mainly follow a descriptive qualitative approach; that is, observations and information collected from the three participants will be summarized, analyzed, and interpreted to identify particular patterns and differences among them as they are subjected to inclusive education considering their learning or educational conditions caused by disabilities. Permission from the parents of the children, their teachers, and the head of the inclusive education institution will also be requested. This will be done to ensure that all the steps undertaken are within the bounds of logical, ethical, and cultural reason, especially that the involved participants have learning disabilities and are minors who are more prone to vulnerabilities than those who have or are not.

Finance Investor constraints and mutual funds Essay

Finance Investor constraints and mutual funds - Essay Example B. is not a sophisticated man who would be able to understand the intricacies of creating and monitoring a traditional portfolio of stocks and bonds. Given the investment parameters and lifestyle needs of the client, we will look for a mutual fund that is primarily invested in domestic corporate bonds. Mr. B. is unwilling to take any large losses in his portfolio, so safety of principle will important. He needs a good return to provide monthly income and supplement his social security, and is willing to erode the principle somewhat over the next twelve years of his life expectancy. Accordingly, our fund search will focus on bond funds, as there is no need to consider higher risk investments in the international or growth stock sector. Since Mr. B. has neither the risk tolerance level nor the need to grow his portfolio, we will search for a managed bond fund that has low expenses. As for tax consideration, Mr. B. is currently in a low tax bracket and is looking for his money to provide the highest dependable return. Accordingly, he does not require a sophisticated tax strategy using municipal and other tax-advantaged investments. The screening criteria are: High-yield bond, average manager tenure for the category, no-load funds only, category average fund expenses, four or five star rating from Morningstar, and a Morningstar risk level of below average (Morningstar, 1). This search returned ten funds: Buffalo High-Yield (BUFHX); Fidelity Advisor High Income (FHIAX); Fidelity Advisor High Income Instl (FHNIX); MassMutual Premier High Yield (DHLHYX); Northeast Investors (NTHEX); Regions Morgan Keegan Select Hi Inc A LW (MKHIX); Regions Morgan Keegan Select Hi Inc I (RHIIX); T. Rowe Price High-Yield (PRHYX); T. Rowe Price High-Yield Adv (PAHIX); and Wells Fargo Advantage High Income I (SHYYX)(Morningstar, 1). We have chosen Northeast Investors for Mr. B. because of its higher yield, relatively low expense ratio, and its large asset base. This fund

2-1-3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2-1-3 - Essay Example In this regard much like basic microeconomics this course is a continuation of principles that individuals and small groups make decisions to allocate resources. Some specific topics that we covered were efficiency of markets, disposable income, balance of payments, market inefficiencies, substitute goods, and the multiplier effect to name a few. What I personally got out of the class was a firmer understanding of supply and demand curves and the effect that some variables have on affecting the supply and quantity demanded. On a personal level I find it very interesting to physically graph how an increase in demand would move up the supply curve and ultimately increase prices. Since I gained a better understanding of this topic I am starting to look at real world situations with a whole new perspective. In this course you are expected to complete a fully integrated final project and in this regard you are going to have to complete work in a more or less unstructured environment. Furthermore it is always good to gain insight from your peers as collaborating can be an effective method to gain new perspectives on approaching problems. It may seem a little intimidating however it is important to keep in mind that the professors are there to help you. In terms of what could have been done differently I would have liked to have seen more opportunities to work with real world situations instead of examining some historical situations however it is the case that when one examines a historical situation the outcome is clearly defined and it does make for a better understanding of outcomes In order to be successful at this course, you are probably going to have to work well in a self motivated capacity. In this regard you are going to have to work hard to motivate yourself to study a great deal outside of the classroom. Furthermore, if topics are not entirely clear there is no

Dq-4.1-Sheila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dq-4.1-Sheila - Essay Example Knowledge workers are important for an organization for two reasons: innovation and growth (Davenport, 2005). Their jobs involve complex tasks and even more complex decisions. With the advent of new technologies, knowledge workers have become quite independent in the sense that they may not see other team members regularly. This presents various challenges regarding seamless communication. Online collaboration tools counter the challenges by enabling timely decision making, quick answers to knowledge worker questions, and uninterrupted communication (Power, 2013). Knowledge workers are especially involved in collaboration due to the nature of their jobs that require quick clarifications, decision making, communication, and finally, completion. Thus, collaboration in simple terms refers to a task which requires collective and coordinated effort for completion and in the case of knowledge workers, data, analytics, and consultation. Knowledge workers work with terabytes of digital data in an increasingly knowledge-centered environment. The emergence of collaboration tools have allowed knowledge workers to be assisted and supported by managers virtually. Groupwares are collaboration tools that are specifically suited for team based collaborators (McNurlin, Sprague, and Bui, 2009). Collaboration tools include online cloud storage services like Dropbox, Google Docs, and Sky Drive, video calling services like Skype, Facetime, and Google Hangouts, desktop virtualization services, and so on (Kroenke, 2011). Collaboration involves the use of file sharing, instant voice over and text chat, video calling, and other utilities so as to communicate, share, and discuss about a particular subject. Managers may communicate to their knowledge workers about the required tasks using these channels. They may also comment on their existing work such as files while knowledge workers may

IFRS and GAAP Convergence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IFRS and GAAP Convergence - Essay Example When the financial statements are available in annual reports, it is the responsibility of the managers to evaluate and discuss results of company performance. External parties use these financial statements to analyze the company’s financial performance. Therefore, external users of financial statements are requires to be familiar with the tools and techniques which are used in financial performance analysis (Needles, Powers and Crosson, 2010, p.1270). Financial analysis includes the analysis of income statement and the assets and liabilities in the balance sheet. It can be done by implementing various tools and techniques such as: common size financial statements, comparative financial statements, ratio analysis, trend analysis, fund flow statement and cash flow statement (Murthy and Gurusamy, 2009, pp.8-9). Accounting Convergence A single set of global accounting standards has to be developed that would be used internationally for international and domestic financial report ing. In order to persuade this practice, the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) and the US Financial accounting Standard Board (FASB) signed a memorandum of understanding, honoring their commitment towards the convergence of International Accounting Standards and the U.S. ... After the IASB and FASB liberated their disclosure draft on revenue recognition, they got many comments which include the lack of transparency about the transfer of control of services, the accounting for warranties, difficulties in recognizing and separating performance obligations, and the model proposed for licenses of intellectual property. It is found that the proposed standard will cause in the considerable shift in how revenues is documented in many situations. Most respondents believe that the proposed standard will have high impact on their financial reporting and in the process of implementing this standard, additional technology and resources will be required. More or less 41% of the respondent agrees upon the implementation of the IFRS in either 2015 or 2016. Difference between U.S. GAAP and IFRS There are many differences between the U.S GAAP and IFRS rules regarding the revenue recognition, provisions and contingencies, income taxes, leases, financial instruments, intan gible assets, interim financial reporting, and the financial statement presentation. But the most important difference would be in the financial statement presentation. Under the US GAAP rules, normally comparative financial statements are prepared, though a single year may be accessible in certain events. For the public companies, balance sheets for the two most current years are needed, whereas other statements must contain three year period which should be ended on the balance sheet date. Under IFRS rules, comparative information must be revealed with respect to the prior period for all amounts which are shown in the financial statements. Under US GAAP rules,

The Psychology of Adult Learning Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Psychology of Adult Learning Case - Essay Example I have selected this student for the case study because she is one of the most successful and influential models in my life. In contrast with most of the students her age in Saudi Arabia, KM loved going to school from the beginning of primary classes. In addition, KM, as was evident to those who have known her from her youth, has a strong character and power to change things she does not like. She loved working and helping other people, which has helped her to become a doctor in her future life. The theory of motivation is going to be applied to illustrate how it psychologically influenced KM to pursue this particular career. As such, the attached transcript (Appendix 4) will relate these issues to the existing theoretical position within psychology and adult education. In particular, this case study will investigate how these theories are related to the participant’s experience. The interview for this case study was conducted in the participant’s home on Sunday 31 December. Before this date, the interviewer sent KM an online copy form of the â€Å"invitation to be interviewed† and the â€Å"case study participation consent form†. After having a discussion about the issue online, the participant and the interviewer agreed that it would be better for both of them to meet at the participant’s home. The reason for this choice was that both sides would feel more relaxed and comfortable in a private and familiar setting as this would be more suitable within the culture of both the participant and the interviewer. In addition, this was where the participant studied and read during the period of her school and college attendance. The interviewing method was also chosen because it allows the participant to express her views in a free manner. It also allows the interviewer to gain first-hand information about the participant’s views towards a particular subject area.

Toyota hybrid cars Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Toyota hybrid cars - Assignment Example Various advanced technologies that are utilized by hybrids include regenerative braking which is characterised by the electric motor applying resistance to the drivetrain consequently forcing the wheels to slow down (Fuhs, 2009, p. 73). In response, the energy form the wheels will turn the motor that acts as a generator which converts energy that usually goes to waste during braking into electricity and battery is used for storing the electricity until when it will be required by the motor (Lagunoff, 2008, p. 156). Another technology that is used by the hybrid vehicles is the electric motor assist where the electric motor avails more power to help the engine during acceleration, overtaking or going up a hill. Therefore, a smaller and more efficient engine can be used while in some of the cars, only the motor avails power needed for driving in low speed conditions where internal combustion engines are not very effective. They also employ automatic start and shut off that shuts of the engine spontaneously when the car pulls to a halt and starts it again it when the motorist presses on the accelerator. The automatic start and shut off is important in preventing wastage of energy from idling. Toyota is a leading corporation in manufacturing, assembling as well as supply of cars all over the globe. One of the key reasons for the company’s good performance is the efficient management system that it employs (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 2013, p. 535). There are several other striking attributes that have enabled the company to achieve its place as a market leader. The type of market structure that the company functions in cannot be defined clearly and in some cases, it is considered to be a monopoly. The dominance of the company in the market is what makes the company to be seen as operating a monopoly. The company’s differentiation approach has enabled it to have a monopolistic existence particularly in the emerging nations. Conversely, the

The economic crisis and Hospitality Industry in EU Essay Example for Free

The economic crisis and Hospitality Industry in EU Essay The report prepared on the Economic crisis and the hospitality industry in Europe, is an attempt to have an insight on the major reasons responsible for the economic crisis in the European Hospitality sector. It also takes the attentions towards the effective and strong measures taken by the Nation at the EU level and the national level to survive during the bad economy time. It was identified that the option of reducing their operating costs was one of major strategies followed by the enterprises in the tourism sector of Europe, along with this the economic crisis gave a strong reason for the small enterprises to review their business methodologies so as to be able to manage their business during the crisis period and also to increase the ratio of their profitability in the future times to come. The European Hospitality sector has survived in the year 2009 and it is pacing towards the recovery path in the current year. Studies reveal that the European hospitality industry will be able to stabilise itself by year 2011 and it is sure that Europe will definitely be able to bring back its economy as they all stand united at times of need. Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso said â€Å"Yes, Europe has the unity, the confidence and determination to win this battle†. Introduction Global economy crisis has left no sector untouched but it can be argued and debated over that the most adversely affected sector in Europe is the entertainment and tourism sector. In other words, we can straight away state that Europe’s Hospitality industry is the most badly hit sector in the economic crisis. The prime reason related with this is that the leisure and tourism get immediately and easily affected with the economic fluctuations going on in any country or location. Almost all the travel activities require an optimal amount of expenditure to be made by an individual for the fun, entertainment and relaxation of his family or friends and people are comfortable spending money for fun only at the favourable economic times. At the time of recession or the economic crisis, they would rather prefer to save their money for the unforeseen hard times that they might have to face in their future time to come. Thus they might consider saving their extra money for their basic necessities like shelter, food and other family requirements. Although, this does not mean that people stop travelling completely but their frequency of travelling might get a bit down because of the economic fluctuation and the tourists and travellers might adapt the idea of spending bit less on travel than their planned expenditure. Experts state that the tourism and hospitality business that can adapt to the situation that they can provide the best quality of services and customer satisfaction on a tighter budget too can only survive at the time of economic crisis. There is a possibility that the customers/travellers do not expect luxurious kind of services but would be interested if they get the low cost services and this fundamental fits perfectly to the airline and the hospitality industry of Europe, too. Trevor J Ward, Managing Director, W Hospitality Group, told that there has been a loss of confidence in the whole banking system in Europe, which has reduced lending to businesses and individuals, and this reduction in credit is affecting businesses and consumers alike. The fall in the house prices has affected the other business activities and consumer spending too and it has in a way affected the European hotel industry. HOTREC (Confederation of the National Hotel and Restaurant Associations in the EC) HOTREC is the name for the trade association of hotels, restaurants and cafes in Europe. They have combined together 40 national hospitality associations in around 24 countries across Europe. European hospitality industry comprises of almost 9. 5 million workers having network of Around 1. 7 million enterprises. HOTREC works towards the objective to promote the hospitality industry in Europe. Their motive of execution is to create more number of jobs for the European people and thus boost the economy of Europe by enabling the hotels, restaurants and cafes to create more job opportunities. HOTREC works extensively towards achieving a competitive and stable tourism industry in Europe. All the policies are made and implemented by HOTREC with the vision to encourage the creation of environment positive for the development of the hospitality sector. The Economic crisis and the hospitality industry The economic crisis has left no sector untouched and so the European hospitality industry is no less affected with this economic crisis. There are various zones or segments of the tourism industry that has got badly hit with this crisis. It has directly affected the business travels which were quite frequent in Europe and was a key contributor in the profit earning of the European hotels and cafes but with this crisis the industry has seen tremendous fall down in the business travel of the people coming to Europe. Not only the business travels, but the business events like the conferences, the presentations and the seminars which were quite in trend in Europe also got severely affected with the economic crisis and this again has brought the profitability graph of the European Hotels and cafes. It is true that the although the industry has experienced a slowdown in the business travels and the business events, people are still trying to figure out the best deals in the lowest possible rates that fit to their budget and serve their purpose too as they are able to let their business function smoothly irrespective of this economic crisis. They also try to find out the hotels which can provide them with the basic services without asking them to pay a hefty amount for their stay in the hotel. In a survey conducted by DLA PIPER 2009, the respondents were asked the major reasons for their lack of confidence in the Europeans hospitality industry during this economic crisis and the survey consisted of a couple of questionnaires like the Struggling European economy, Lack of liquidity, Current operating performance of hotels, Time and cost restraints on consumer travel, Reduced business travel, Lack of confidence in Europe’s political leaders, Struggling US economy etc. Around 43% of the people considered lack of liquidity and almost 33% considered the struggling European economy to be the major contributors to the rapid downfall in the confidence level. A study stated that out of many other reasons required to cope up with the effect of economic crisis in the hospitality industry in Europe the low cost of credit can be considered to be an effective step fighting against the crisis of funds and it is believed that the European commercial banks will be the most active type of lender in the European hospitality industry in the coming year as they will work towards lowering their cost of credit and thus it will be beneficial to the hospitality sector which is struggling due to the economic crisis. Data about European Hospitality industry This question is of major concern that that how long will this economic crisis go and how will all the European sectors survive in this bad economy when the entire world is getting affected with this global economic crisis. Despite other sectors, the European hotel industry is getting severely hit with this crisis and this can be well understood by the data illustrated below. An analysis done by IMF, stated that Europe’s biggest economy, Germany will get severely affected during this crisis with a 5. 6-percent GDP decline in 2009 and a 1. 0-percent dip in 2010, while the GDP in the euro area, completely is expected to be going down to 4. 2 percent in 2009 and 0. 4 percent in 2010. The data reveals that the GDP rate will go down by 1. 5% in last quarter of the year as compared to the third quarter which is definitely a sign of concern and effective steps required to be taken to come out of this problem. Talking about the unemployment figures in the European hospitality sector in the year 2009, as compared to the numbers of year 2008, the statistics show that there will be a rise in the unemployment from 6,8% to 7,6% in EU27 and it will go up from 7,2% to 8,2% in Euro area. It is a matter of great concern and worry for the government of any country when they are experiencing a steady downfall in their GDP and their graph of unemployment is going high in any of its business sectors and that calls for the time when they all need to unite together to fight against this severe crisis as this is the indication of a very big crisis for that particular nation and the data clearly states that Europe is struggling badly with this situation and needs remedial measures which are effective enough to bring Europe’s hospitality industry to come out of this situation. The data also describes that there has been a visible drop in the European economic sentiment indicator which is also an important reason of the low confidence in the European hospitality industry. Figures state that the Economic Sentiment indicator, in short termed as ESI went down by 2. 2 points while it was earlier stable at 61. 0 points during Janaury-09 –February 09 in EU27. While it went down from 65. 4 points to 63. 6 points thus showing a downfall of 1,8 points in the Euro area. When the entire globe is suffering from this problem of recession and bad economy, Europe is also facing the hit back in the tourism industry. A study revealed that the tourism prospects in the year 2009, for European cities will be a stage of stagnation or it may even go down by around 3% than the earlier times and figures. A survey conducted by Deloitte and Touche on the European hotels revealed that the occupancy rate of rooms in the hotels of Europe went down from 69. 3% in the year 2007 to 66. 9% in the year 2008. Although all the major cities of Europe have suffered due to this crisis but the most badly affected cities are Rome, Dublin and Prague. According to the Eurobarometer survey conducted on the 27,000 tourists coming to 27 EU countries for their holidays with family and friends in the year 2009 , the study reflected that around 1/3 of the people stated that there has been a drastic change in the plans which they make for their travel and leisure by decreasing their accommodation cost budget, out of which around 38% belonged to the category of completely swiping out the option of going to Europe for their holidays, others stated that there will be no change in their cost of accommodation budget due to this economic crisis. The study also stated that to fight against this crisis and still not completely go away with their idea of going on holidays, they would rather do little bit of adjustments and comprises to fit the holiday budget to their pocket. 15% of the surveyors stated that they would save on accommodation, 23% mentioned that they would prefer to go on vacation in the low season when the prices will automatically come down and they do not need to cut down on their estimated budget, 23% mentioned that they would try to cut down on their restaurant expenses and 30% mentioned to cut down their shopping budget to manage their vacation and enjoy with their families and friends. Economic Crisis with low confidence The Economic crisis when followed with the lowering of confidence in any sector becomes a reason of great concern and worry for the government of any nation and the situations like this needs an immediate attention and plan of action as if it is not dealt in time it may lead to adverse consequences for the economy of any nation. Such thing was experienced by the European hospitality industry in the year 2009. The data gathered by DLA Piper 2009, Europe Hospitality Outlook survey on the reasons of low confidence on the European hospitality industry during the time of economic crisis were found to be Struggling European economy, current operating performance of hotels, time and cost restraints on consumer travel, Lack of liquidity (debt or equity), Struggling US economy, Reduced business travel and last but not the least Lack of confidence in Europe’s political leaders. A survey done by DLA Piper’s 2009 Europe Hospitality Outlook Survey stated that almost 84 % of participants consider the European hospitality market to be bearish. Majority of the participants of the survey did not expect the European hospitality industry to come back to its original state until year 2011. Almost 70% of the people have cut down on their business travel due to the economic crisis. The survey also tried to gather numbers regarding the investment options in the European hotel industry and it found that around 71% of respondents believe that investment in Sustainable hotel development is a long-term trend. And there is a widespread risk of bankruptcy for European hotel chains. The major concern of the participants was the clause passed by EU Parliament regarding the potential removal of an EU country’s right to opt-out from the Working Time Directive which limits to an employee’s working hours to forty eight hours only. They mentioned this to be a very strong reason to put a negative impact on the European hospitality industry. Recovery Plans of European Hospitality Industry It is a fact that the European hospitality industry, along with the other sectors has suffered major setbacks in the year 2009 due to the economic crisis and this can be well described and understood by the data gathered by DLA Piper 2009, Europe Hospitality Outlook survey. The survey revealed that almost 84% of the participants mentioned the European hospitality market to be the bearish one when queried regarding their confidence in the European economy they stated Expected rebound of European economy, Foreign investment in European market, Abundance of equity capital available for investment, Expected rebound of US economy, Investment opportunities created by financial crisis and Confidence in Europe’s political leaders as the factors that in any situation will let the European hospitality industry come out of any such crisis in the present time and in the future times to come. European hospitality industry along with the major tourism associations like WTTC, UNWTO, HOTREC and PASTA are quite optimistic towards the idea that European hospitality sector will be able to cope up with this economic crisis and will easily survive this hard economic time. European tourism sector has faced a lot of obstacles till the time it has reached the 21st Century and developed such face of tourism for the entire world. Although, it is a true fact that this sector will go through hard times in the next coming months but the enterprises which are flexible enough to adapt to the required business model and plan their strategies keeping in mind the existing scenario will easily be able to survive and develop a strong platform for their existence in the long run in the European Hospitality industry. The recovery plan to successfully face the problem of economic crisis has been divided into a few segments or divisions so as to leave no stone unturned to fight with this scenario and bring back the economy to its stable state. It was segmented as 1. Recovery at EU level 2. Recovery at National Level We will discuss in brief the steps and measures taken at both the levels to beat the Economic crisis. 1. Recovery at EU level The European government considered dealing with the economic crisis quite seriously and so they planned the various meetings of the EU heads of State. They all mutually agreed upon following three lines of actions so as to come out of this situation. First one was to promote the financial stability in such a way that the confidence level of the people gets a boost again on the government along with the European Economy which is badly affected with the economic crisis. Second plan of action was to get the real economy to the shape where it was earlier, and third one was the most important one. It was to stay tightly united to fight against the crisis and to work together at the global level. The third measure sounded bit simple to sate but it was the most effective plan of action to get out of such a critical situation. Several measures were taken by the Government at the EU level out of which one measure specifically taken by the EU state with regards to the hospitality industry was to change the existing VAT Rate system. The new provision stated that all the member states will be granted the permission to apply for a reduced VAT Rate for the restaurant services. The current provision had this option to only 11 members so now this will be applicable to all the member states in EU.

Mac vs Pc Essay Example for Free

Mac vs Pc Essay Americans have always had a choice when it comes to computers, but choose wisely not all computers are made the same. Mac and PC rivalry is on the same level as Pepsi vs. Coke. In today’s world, owning a computer is an essential part of life. Although there are numerous types of computers that you could own, there are two main types to consider, A Personal computer or MAC. Everyone has his or her own opinion on which is better. And there are many die-hard fans in each category. You either like it or love it. A lot of people choose personal computers because of how different Mac computers. Firstly we will consider software availability. The majority of computer users own personal computers, both for work and recreational use. Therefore, software companies find that it is far more profitable to develop software that is for use on a PC instead of a Mac You should choose your computer by doing your research and seeing what type of computer fits your life style and your family’s needs. Mac computers have been stereotyped as they type of computer that would be used by Artist and unemployed writers. Macs were not so popular with other people of the world. Now the Mac Company seems to be the fourth largest manufacturer in the world. The prices of Mac computers are a little higher. They range from $1,199.99 to $1,999.99. The price all depends on what size monitor and GB you decide on. Macs come with an Intel core i5 processor with 4 to 500 GB hard drives. They have built in internal speakers and web cam. For photos Mac computers use what is called I Photo. This is where you upload your pictures and have the ability to make picture folders and give them names. Example, (our wedding night). They have a feature call Front row, where you can view trailers of all the upcoming movies that will be coming out in theaters. This feature automatically updates its self, to keep you updated on the newest movies. Instead of a restore center Macs have a feature called the time machine, where you can literally go back in time to a time and place you were on your computer. Unlike Regular personal computers make has just one Large screen that has everything built into it. There is no computer tower, which is kind of nice. Everything you need is right on your computer monitor. You C.D drive are located on the side of the monitor and the USB imports are located in the back along with the on/off button. PC computers were also another stereotype. Many would say this would be they type of computer used by people who loved video games, video chatting, music mash-ups and other cool things. Pc computers were always the choice for people in America. And they definitely seem to be the cheaper choice of the two. PC computers range from about $400 to $800 and that includes a monitor and the tower. And in some cases the package deal comes with a printer. PC computers come with a 3 to 6 GB of memory. With PC computers you usually have to purchase speakers and web cams separately with could cost you between $ 30 and $40. PC computers have a photo gallery where you can up load your pictures to share with family and friends. They also have a backup database so you don’t lose any of your data. Personal computers come with a computer monitor and a tower. The tower is where one would put the C.D ROMs and plug in USB cables. All in all, I found that Mac computers are the most expensive computers. They are well worth the money. I recently bought a Mac computer and I love all the features that come with it. I love the build in web cam. This makes it easier to Skype with my sister, who is away at college. Finding the right computer takes time and effort. Take the time to research computers and find the right one for you.

Analytics, Interfaces, and Cloud Technology

Analytics, Interfaces, and Cloud Technology Richard Lecator The organization is like any other business that greatly benefit from an infusion of efficiency and cost savings into its operations. Having a much easier business environment from which to operate on is a significant advantage that will lead to improved output and better service to its clients. Embracing the latest technology will not only propel the business to the modern way of doing things, but also to benefits that follow that technology. The Need for the use of Analytics and Cloud Technology Analytics for the organization is not only part of its primary operations, but also how it can understand its target clientele. Be it in service to its clients or for market research purposes; data analytics are essential so as to provide valuable insights to the company. The benefits become that they can provide services that are more in tune with the needs of its customers and also able to help the company in planning for its future operations. The organizations primarily deals in collecting and analyzing data. They find ways they can derive value from data and present it to its customers in a manner that will benefit that client. It is important that the company conclusively comprehend how analytics work and the best practices in the field. Predictive analytics is used when there is a need to understand future developments. Whether it is shifting market fundamentals, customer behavior and preferences, or the overall market environment, analytics provide these views with fair accuracy. By using current events ongoing within the subject area, combined with historical data, trends and expected changes, these analytic operations are in a better position to gain a glimpse into how the future will unfold. (Chen, Chiang, Storey, 2012). The organization a dealer in data operations will use the tools provided by data analytics to grow its business. Given that a part of its activities involves independently collecting data, analyzing it, and then selling to clients, it is important that they get to understand beforehand what data would interest their customers. Utilizing analytics of the web and other data, they can know the kind of information that customers are most likely to prefer. This way, their services will be embraced by the clients than if the company presented data and hoped it would just sell. Apart from anticipating and meeting the needs of its clients much more efficiently, data analytics can also help in identifying trends that are yet to catch on. These are trends that are yet to be discovered but show a potential for being mass-adopted once they do. Chancing upon such information can help the organization to become a pioneer in the particular area and assist in shepherding the trend into fruition. The predictive nature of data analytics then secures the company a possible lucrative avenue for future revenue. A competitive advantage is gained by being the first in embracing a particular trend. An instance of analytics being useful to a company can be an e-commerce site deciding on what to stock. The company would be called upon to collect the data and analyze it on behalf of the e-commerce company. Such a company needs to sell as much stock as possible. To do this will require an understanding of what products are most popular with its customers. By collecting data such as web visits, page clicks, duration of visit, searched items and such can only gain value when analyzed. Aggregating all this data will provide deep insights into what customers want, what they dont want and so forth. This will help the e-commerce company in giving more prominence to certain popular products, doing away with slow moving ones and even finding ways of linking products together. Analytics should put everything into perspective and lead to the making of much better decisions able to benefit the company. The organizations can also provide insights into other kinds of businesses like marketing, transportation, education, agriculture and much more. Providing the owners of these firms with expertly analyzed data will lead to faster and more informed decision making. For industries where decision making needs to be fast so as to be viable, the provision of analytics will certainly go a long way in helping (Chen, Chiang, Storey, 2012). Companies using cloud technology are provided with computing power and other resources delivered via the Internet. There is no need for investing in hardware or software components to support their operations when they can be provided via the cloud. Whether it is storage, database management, access management and applications, all can be accessed by the company employees through a browser. One of the biggest benefits of using cloud technology is the initial, and subsequent saving realized. By choosing to use the cloud, a company does not need to invest in hardware like servers or CPUs and the lot. Whether it is storage or computing power, this can be provided over the internet. The company doesnt to buy them or even maintain them. Also, the company will also be saved from buying software applications for use in its various operations. The costs of upgrading the software will be borne by the cloud service provider. The organization will, in turn, enjoy the use of up to date applications. Cloud services are usually provided on a usage basis. This means that the cloud client only has to pay for what they use. The importance of this is that companies are spared from exorbitant costs arising from capacity that is lying idle.ÂÂ   As a data-intensive company it will greatly benefit from using cloud technology in its operations. With terabytes of data already owned by the company and more being added every day, cloud technology can help the management of this data much easier. A data warehouse hosted on a cloud platform provide the capabilities of both the cloud and the data warehouse. For a company with a growing trove of data, time will come when it requires having a bigger space for the data. In a non-cloud situation, the company would have to purchase new servers to provide space. Cloud platforms are scalable, meaning that as the need for more resources arises, and then the cloud provider will be able to meet the need accordingly. As mentioned before, cloud users only need to pay for they use, as such even when the company chooses to reduce its data it will still be able to do so. Off-peak and peak capacity requirements can be met by cloud providers quite quickly as a result of having scalable systems (Haugen, Musser, 2013). Cloud platforms can be for purposes of disaster recovery and business continuity planning. System failures, accidental deletions, hacking incidents and other disasters can occur anytime. However, cloud providers usually have multiple backup options for the data they hold. Should anything happen to the primary data, they could always resort to the backups. The organization can benefit from having their precious information hosted offsite, away from potential disasters that might strike their physical premises. With just access to an internet connection, having operations back and running should happen in the shortest time possible. (Rittinghouse, 2010). Aligning Cloud Technology and Analytics to Business Processes Interface Screen Layouts The illustration below is the layout for data analytics. The illustration below is a data collection interface. The illustration below is a data reporting interface. Recommended Solution Provider Amazon Web Services is the largest and most experienced provider of cloud services in the market today. As a pioneer in the field, it has amassed enormous experience and can, therefore, meet the needs of its clients most effectively. Among the many services provided by its cloud platform if analytics. These services can be offered to any company anywhere in the world as long as the client can have access to an internet connection. The organization would greatly benefit from the world class infrastructure and service offered by Amazon Web Services. References Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., Storey, V. C. (2012). Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact. MIS quarterly, 36(4), 1165-1188. Haugen, D. M., Musser, S. (2013). Technology and the cloud. Rittinghouse, J. W. (2010). Cloud Computing: Implementation, Management, and Security. Hoboken: CRC Press.

Essay --

The Umayyad dwelling was one of the foremost clans of the Quraysh tribe. Uthman was the the third "Righteous Caliph", was the first Umayyad caliph. Throughout his tenure (644-655), he appointed and provided advantages to the members of his clan for various key positions; in specific, Muawiya b. Abi Sufyan was granted the governorship of Syria. Upon the accession of Ali to the caliphate, Muawiya denied paying him perks, and in 658 the Syrians recognized Muawiya as caliph. That year he retained control of Egypt; following Ali's death in 661, he restrained Iraq and then formally established himself as caliph. The first line of Umayyads were the Sufyanids (descendants of Abu Sufyan) who directed from 661- 684. Under Muawiya (661-680) the capital of the Muslim domain was moved to Damascus. He is credited with raising a highly-trained armed detachment of Syrian fighters which was utilised to elaborate Muslim administration east into Khorasan and west into North Africa. Muawiya furthermore commanded excursions into Anatolia starting in 672 which culminated in a failed three-year control of Constantinople (674-677). He kept the administrative organisations left by the Byzantines and Persians but consolidated his administration by appointing kinsmen to key mails. Before his death, Muawiya protected allegiance to his son, Yazid, therefore introducing dynastic succession to Muslim direct. Muawiya was the child of Abu Sufyan, the foremost of the Abd Shams clan. Most of the constituents of Abd Shams had turned down Muhammad's prophetic objective until Muhammad's conquest of Mecca in 630. Muawiya and his dad are advised to be among those enemies who were reconciled to Islam through gifts. Muawiya then assisted as one of Muhammad's scribes. Thro... ...ng Greek and Pahlavi. For all that, the Umayyads, during the ninety years of their leadership, seldom agitated off their empire's status as a mulk - that is, a worldly kingdom - and in the last years of the dynasty their adversaries formed a mystery organization dedicated to pushing the claims to the caliphate put ahead by a descendant of al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib, an uncle of the Prophet. By clever groundwork, this organization rallied to its origin numerous mutually hostile assemblies in Khorasan and Iraq and declared Abu al-'Abbas caliph. Marwan ibn Muhammad, the last Umayyad caliph, was beaten and the Syrians, still trusted to the Umayyads, were put to rout. Only one man of importance got away the catastrophe - 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiyah al-Dakhil, a juvenile prince who with a trusted servant escaped to Spain and in 756 set up an Umayyad Dynasty there.

Foucault And Truffaut: Power And Social Control In French Society :: essays research papers

Foucault and Truffaut: Power and Social Control in French Society Both Michel Foucault and Truffaut's depiction of a disciplinary society are nearly identical. But Truffaut's interpretation sees more room for freedom within the disciplinary society. The difference stems from Foucault's belief that the social control in disciplinary pervades all elements of life and there is no escape from this type of control. Foucault's work deals mostly with "power" and his conception of it. Like Nietzsche, Foucault sees power not as a fixed quantity of physical force, but instead as a stream of energy flowing through all aspects of society, its power harnesses itself in regulating the behavior of individuals, the systems of knowledge, a societies institutions, and every interaction between people. Foucault in Discipline and Punish, applies this notion of power in tracing the rise of the prison system in France and the rise of other coercive institutions such as monasteries, the army, mental asylums, and other technologies. In his work Foucault exposes how seemingly benign or even reformist institutions such as the modern prison system (versus the stocks, and scaffolds) are technologies that are typical of the modern, painless, friendly, and impersonal coercive tools of the modern world. In fact the success of these technologies stems from their ability to appear unobtrusive and humane. These prisons Foucault goes on to explain like many institutions in post 1700th century society isolate those that society deems abnormal. This isolation seeks to attack the souls of people in order to dominate them similar to how the torture and brutality of pre 1700th century society sought to dominate the physical bodies of prisoners. In Foucault's interpretation freedom from the pervasive influence of "power" is impossible. Because his conception of "power" exists not just in individual institutions of society like prisons but instead exists in the structure of society and more importantly in peoples thought systems, escape from social control is impossible. Foucault in the last chapter talks about how even the reforms in the system have been co-opted to further the goals of the state. Instead of a lessening of social control Foucault sees that the technologies change from the wheels and gallows of the 17th century to the disciplinary society of the 19th century to the emerging carceral city of the future. In this carceral city the dispersion of power will be complete. The technologies of control will emanate from all parts of society, "walls, space, institution, rules, and discourse." Truffaut's interpretation of society and its future is much more upbeat. Although like Foucault he sees the technologies of the disciplinary society as insidious social control mechanisms.

After Cancer Essay -- Long Term Effects Medicine Medical Papers

After Cancer Twice a day, an email full of support, encouragement, and information arrives in the inboxes of the 370 members of the Long-term Cancer Survivors mailing list. The topic of discussion is often the â€Å"late effects† of cancer treatment. One member’s recent posting is titled â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Why, after being in remission for years, am I so angry and depressed that my personal relationships are falling apart?† the cancer survivor asked. The answer is the psychosocial late effects of cancer treatment. Late effects of cancer treatment appear long after the catheter is removed, weekly blood draws cease, and the wigs are tucked away in the back of a closet. A cancer survivor may leave weekly trips to the cancer clinic behind, but late effects can linger for years afterwards. Kathy Steindorf, 43, of Wisconsin, was diagnosed with Hodgkin’s Disease at 38. Four years after entering remission, she began having nightmares that jolted her from sleep to sheet-soaking sweats. â€Å"I woke up from the nightmares with a cold fear,† she said. â€Å"I came to a point where I didn’t want to die, but just wanted to be dead.† Jan O’Daniell, 45, of Texas, hid in her church’s bathroom during mass after being diagnosed with cancer for the second time. â€Å"I didn’t want anyone to know how upset I was,† O’Daniell said. â€Å"I didn’t think I was allowed to be depressed.† Joy T.*, 28, of Illinois, dropped out of high school three years after completing cancer treatment. â€Å"I was so bitter and cynical,† Joy T. said. â€Å"I thought there was no point of going to school if I could just die tomorrow.† Steindorf, O’Daniell, and Joy T. didn’t realize their psychological distress was related to their cancer experience — they had survived, after a... ... â€Å"The first session she asked, ‘This is the first time you’re coming to therapy?’† Joy T. said. â€Å"She told me [my anxiety] was totally normal — I got to talk about a lot of things.† Several years after she dropped out of high school, Joy T. earned her GED. She recently completed her bachelor’s degree in science and healthcare leadership. Steindorf opted not to see a therapist — instead she takes an anti-depressant and leans on her family for support. â€Å"I’m very involved in church and my support circle is awesome,† Steindorf said. Steindorf is thankful that her doctor recognized that she was experiencing psychosocial late effects, but believes other cancer survivors and their doctors don’t pinpoint the problem soon enough. â€Å"Survivors have to know about this — how sad is it if a survivor leads a miserable life after surviving cancer,† Steindorf said.

Gatsby and Ebb Comparison

The portrayals of Barrett Browning and Fitzgerald explore the preferences of idealized love and time throughout both texts with the use of symbolism, imagery, irony and characterization to emphasis these differences. The Great Gatsby set during the Jazz age is an exemplification of the failure and tragedy of the American Dream as well as the fragmented world where love struggles to survive.This contrasted to Elizabeth Barrett Borrowing's love sonnets set in the wake of the Romantics, making the sonnets in many ways typically Victorian with their tone of gloom and sorrow as well as their feeling of the force and Intensity of their passion as the love grows and develops. Time wealth The Great Gatsby exposes how Gatsby Is trying to reincarnate the past by showing to Daisy that he has created an affluent life for himself, thus hoping she will be with him in the future.This illusion creates a sense of irony in the story because Gatsby who has the money to possess and attract anything or a nyone, cannot have or buy the thing he most wants and desires; his past love for Daisy. Gatsby nostalgia for his old self and the love that is symbolized is like Fitzgerald portrait of America's nostalgia for its lost values. Like Gatsby, America seems to have everything in the midst of the blooming ass's, but has lost something along the process. Even in the midst of Gatsby corrupt world there Lies a hope in his love for Daisy.This hope Is symbolized by the green light situated at the end of the wharf In front of Delays house at East Egg. This light reminds Gatsby that he Is close to having his dream come true, the dream he so desperately longs for â€Å"†¦ He stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way†¦ L could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward – and distinguished nothing except a single green eight, minute and far away†, even though he doesn't have Daisy yet, this green light provides reassurance and hope that he is close to having her in the future.This continuous hope of the past being reincarnated for Gatsby started to seem like it was finally underway with the melancholic tone that the novel resurfaces during Gatsby and Daisy's reunion at Nick's house. We are shown through Gatsby melancholic longing his expression painted on his face â€Å"as pale as death† which symbolizes not only the sense of nervousness but also the relief of finally reaching the longed for moment of being with Daisy. The tragedy of Gatsby is that he Is being illusion because Daisy who was â€Å"the first nice girl he had ever met† changed Into a â€Å"materialistic, vacuous Individual who cannot see past herself.This change In characterization triggers the reality that Gatsby dream will never come true no matter now much en nope It wall It Is snow tongue ten novel ten D dream which is never fulfilled and instead he dies for it with the instant bullet which ends it all. Whilst a bullet ends a dream in The Great Gatsby, in the sonnet sequence Elizabeth focuses on the internal, everlasting love between herself and her over which goes beyond the temporal and beyond death. The dynamic nature of her context through her allusions tells us about her world.The nature and power of her love allows her to transcend her society; she can leave the patriarchal oppression of her past behind as well as escape the curtailment of her world because the love is complete. Elizabeth has had a depressing past life and her lover is seen as her rescuer. When they fell in love a sense of restoration is felt by the love they share which brings forth religious beliefs and acts. Elizabeth wants to eliminate the why ND the how and leave the love they share as something that simply is. But love me for love's sake, that evermore Thou mast love on, through love's eternity', symbolizes in sonnet XIV, the hope that the love they have is going to be everlasting â€Å"through love's eternity' – going beyo nd mortality Juxtaposed to The Great Gatsby where the dream of being loved again ends all to suddenly with a bullet. We can see from this sonnet Elizabeth already knows that the love they share is so strong that it will beat all odds and last forever.Throughout all of Elizabethan sonnets we come to realization hat the love she is experiencing has the power of an earthbound love which is everlasting, this is specifically shown in sonnet XII â€Å"face to face, silent drawing nigh and Niger, until the lengthening wings break into fire, At either curved point†¦ What bitter wrong, can the earth do to us, that we should not be there contented†, which symbolizes that their love is so strong that even after death they will meet again in heaven.This shows that through time their love will only grow and develop and she is hoping that even after death there love will become stronger than ever. Within this Monet she also uses imagery when imagining their relationship after morality because she feels that it will continue. Elizabethan final sonnet, COLI, expresses her final declaration of the everlasting, unconditional love she is experiencing â€Å"†¦ L shall but love thee better after my death†.Even after death she is going to love her lover more profoundly, consequently from this it is shown that through time the love her and her lover share will go beyond the temporal and against all odds. In contrast with The Great Gatsby where Gatsby dream to re-incarnate the past so that he can e with the one he loves is essentially Just an illusion which ends with a bullet, the sonnets by Elizabeth Barrett Browning articulates the unconditional transcendent nature of love which is everlasting and goes beyond mortality; where the love between Elizabeth and her lover will continue to grow.Idealized love in The Great Gatsby is oppressive and destructive. Through the narration of Nick Caraway we are exposed to a post WWW new world which is faithless, loveless a nd careless, thus making idealized love difficult to survive. Gatsby infatuation of Daisy as the ultimate commodity is seen as his goal from which he tries to draw closer to. The type of love that is shown from Gatsby towards Daisy is the obsessive but pure love which becomes something too special to survive in a world that lacks moral purpose.Gatsby bases his love on the relationship he had with Daisy years before. It was Gatsby who was â€Å"breathless† and saw her gleaming Like silver, sate Ana proud above ten not struggles AT ten poor† I Nils Imagery Tanat Gatsby uses to describe Daisy shows how deeply in love he was with her even though he knew that he wasn't rich and that it was obvious that she came from an affluent background.In order to be closer to Daisy, Gatsby buys a mansion across Daisy symbolizing the need for him to be close to her as well as the parties he arranges at his house which are illuminated with lights. These lights attract the â€Å"moths† who are Gatsby party guests but are created initially to attract Daisy to his house, thus hopefully emerging her closer to him so that their love can grow and Gatsby dream become fulfilled. However the barriers separating them from being together can also be symbolized by the love and the classification of the two villages.While Daisy lives in the East which was associated with the extravagance living which offered opportunities, Gatsby lived in the West which stood for traditional values such as solidity. These barriers added to the factors of why Gatsby could only â€Å"dream† of having Daisy because life interfered with their love. This pure love that once blossomed can't be recaptured again in the present and though Gatsby pursues his grail the moment is gone.Gatsby hope of being with Daisy the one who he truly loves and infatuates over dies with him. In The Great Gatsby , idealized love becomes an essence of destruction and delusion, this is partly due to it attemptin g to arrive in the fragmented post war America Juxtaposed with the sonnets by Elizabeth Barrett Browning where idealized love flourishes through its power to be transcendent and restorative. Idealized love is represented in a deep meaningful way in Elizabeth Barrett Borrowings sonnets.Through the persona of Elizabeth it is shown how love is powerful, it transformed her life, giving her new hope. The â€Å"silver ring† symbolizes that things are getting better; this is shown by the sense of restoration that their love has brought to her life. The love shown between Elizabeth and her lover is not terrestrials; it is idealistic love. Elizabeth states in sonnet XIV that she wants her lover to love her for the sake of love,† If thou must love me, let it be for enough Except for love's sake only'.Juxtaposition to The Great Gatsby where Gatsby had to modify his life in order to try and get Daisy to love him again, Elizabeth spiritually believes their love is pure and of transc endence; she doesn't want anything other than their pure love. Through this we see that the characteristics of the Victorian era in terms of qualities is something Elizabeth disregards. She believes that idealized love should e on the basis of feelings instead of traits as they can change.The last sonnet shows that their love must be enjoyed within all the dimensions of physical passion and the strength of that physical passion adds a spiritual dimension. Earthly love is aligned with spiritual fulfillment â€Å"How do I love thee? Let me count the ways†¦ † Explores all the dimensions of their love due to it being measured by the breadth, width and depth – they must be vast. If love is sublime in the sonnet sequence, we can conclude that it is tawdry in The Great Gatsby. In conclusion time and idealized love is shown to be analyses differently between Borrowings and Fitzgerald portrayals.Time shows how Gatsby tries to re-incarnate the past by showing to Daisy that he has changed himself so that hopefully their â€Å"love† can Dollops once again UT D tens Illusion ones when Gatsby ales Wendell In ten sonnets the love that is shared between Elizabeth and her lover is restorative and transcendent and goes beyond death where it will continue to grow. Love is shown by both texts to be powerful and necessary for fulfillment. Elizabeth Barrett Browning suggests that love is not only possible but necessary whereas Fitzgerald sees that love may be necessary but is not possible.

Poetry Appreciation Essay

In this essay I am going to compare and contrast ‘When we two parted’ a poem of George Gordon, Lord Byron’s written in 1815 and Letitia Elizabeth Landon’s ‘Love’s last lesson’ written in c1838, both poets are British and of the romantic period. ‘When we two parted’ is an elegy of the loss of love, Byron is reflecting and analyzing a relationship that has already ended. His grief, anger and despair, intensifies his use of first person, which maintains a strong impact on the audience throughout. The poem is powerful, personal and unreserved, the emotion and passion is definitely felt through his writing. Byron’s message is ambiguous; so the reader is able to make their own assumption this is the beauty of the poem, it is subject to individual interpretation, making it inclusive and relatable to many different situations. The structure of the poem is separated into four stanzas each one being an octet. Punctuation suggests that every two lines can be read as one, the metre of the poem is iambic pentameter, each line having 5 iambs and 10 syllables when two lines are read as one. The rhyming pattern in stanza one, two and four is ababcdcd but stanza three is ababacac. The poem mainly has a regular rhyming scheme but the ‘flow’ is disrupted in stanzas one and four lines five and six, I am not sure if this was intentional. I believe the poem can be interpreted in many different ways; the overall impression is the separation of two lovers, throughout the poem there are numerous references suggesting bereavement, loss and infidelity. In the first Stanza the metaphor ‘Pale grew thy cheek and cold, colder thy kiss;’ uses pale and cold in contrast with the rosy warm imagery of life, this could very well be an indication of death but could simply be an exaggeration of how he felt after the break up. On Line four the statement ‘To sever for years’ is ambiguous as it suggests a lengthy separation but can also mean cut in two therefore could be related to line three ‘Half broken- hearted’, another interesting point is that the Byron used the word years rather than eternity or forever, maybe there was a hope of being reunited again in the future. ‘Sorrow’ symbolizes the grief and mourning he feels, not necessarily for somebody who has passed away simply just a loss. In stanza two ‘The dew of the morning, Sunk chill on my brow’ the dew is the cold wet, the image of rain could be an allegory of tears and signifying his misery. ‘Thy vows are all broken,’ implies his ‘lover’ was or is married or the promises she made to him were shattered, subsequently Byron speaks of feeling ashamed when he hears his/her name, possibly because their relationship was illicit . The following stanza uses a powerful expression ‘They name thee before me, A knell to mine ear; A shudder comes o’er me’ a knell is the sound of a depressing bell rung slowly at a funeral, his lover may have died or Byron could again be exaggerating his emotions, speaking as though his lover or ex lover has passed away. On line twenty Lord Byron asks ‘Why wert thou so dear?’ why were you so special? Or why did I love you so much?, he is questioning and resenting these feelings, the poem then goes on to assert that nobody was aware of the relationship not even those that knew them both well, ‘Long, long shall I rue thee, too deeply to tell,’ Byron is clearly saying that he bitterly regrets the situation, wishing it had never occurred maybe even feeling guilty if his lover was married. Finally the fourth stanza confirms an affair of some sort ‘In secret we met- In silence I grieve, That thy heart could forget, Thy spirit deceive’, if his lover had died or merely returned to his/her partner, then he would still grieve in silence as the relationship was private, Byron feels betrayed and bitter about the relationship, the use of the word ‘spirit’ again gives the impression of death. ‘If I should meet thee, after long years, how should I greet thee! With silence and tears’, the last line of the poem is a reverberation of the second line; giving an impression of irresolution, whilst the exclamation mark puts the echoed line in a different context, when they meet again it will be with silence and tears however the silence will have a different meaning and the tears will not be ones of sorrow. It is almost like each stanza represents the cycle of Byron’s emotions, stanza one is the initial breakup and the start of his grieving process, in stanza two Byron is still distressed and goes on to express his disappointment and embarrassment, by stanza three he is ashamed of himself, questioning the love and deeply regretting the situation finally in stanza four he is bitter and fantasising of how he would disregard her/him if they were to ever meet again. Love’s last lesson’ is a soliloquy representing Landon’s frustration. My impression is that the character has fallen for somebody who hasn’t returned her love or wasn’t taking the ‘relationship’ as seriously as she was. The structure of the poem is free verse; it has neither regular metre nor rhyme In lines one to eight Landon expresses her anger and frustration towards her ex love, who has obviously moved on and forgotten their relationship with ease, she cannot comprehend how it is her that’s been dismissed as she feels she was the perfect companion. Landon uses words from a semantic field of religion ‘I who have worshipp’d thee, my god on earth’ is a strong statement but the metaphor emphasizes her absolute adoration for him. ‘Your last command, forget me, ‘she speaks about him as though he has control over her and she must obey him. ‘Will it not sink deeply down within my inmost soul?’ questioning herself for comfort the poet doesn’t think it’s possible to move on, ‘Forget thee! – ay, forgetfulness will be a mercy to me’ she genuinely wishes she could evade her emotions, it would cease her heartache. The hurt has taken control of her life to the extent of avoiding sleep in fear; she relives the agony in her nightmares ‘a dream had made me live my woes again’. The dreams she has are in fact worse than reality, ‘Acting my wretchedness, without the hope my foolish heart still clings to,’ the only thing Landon can do now is ‘hope’ that there will be some progression even though she herself thinks it’s highly unlikely, her hope is the only positive thing she has left other than the heartache and sorrow, she uses the simile of hope being like a drug that calms her pain slightly until the realisation hits which makes it unbearable ‘double torture’. Landon is isolated and spending her days alone feelings nervous and uneasy, ‘when a breath sent the crimson to my cheek, like the red gushing of a sudden wound; by all the careless looks and the careless words which have to me been like the scorpions stinging’ crimson and red flushing to the cheek gives an imagery of shame, this gave me the impression of defamation, Landon may have a history that she isn’t proud of and that is what she actually wants to forget, the way she is being disregarded is what is hurting more than anything as she said it was like a ‘scorpion stinging’ which is a simile for unspeakable pain. In this stanza Landon makes some powerful statements; her happiness has been destroyed forever, she’s deemed with perpetual misery, her feelings have been wasted, her health destroyed, her hopes have been crushed and her heart stole,

How Slavery Affected the New World

How Slavery Affected the New World Amanda Maldonado 9/11/2012 Unit 1: Essay When we think of slavery we cannot help to think of mistreated people. Slaves are responsible for making the New World succeed in the enlightenment of civilization, and the production of wealth. Without slave labor economy would not be working today. Slavery teaches us that after suffering there comes reward. At the same time however, slavery is the definition of anguish and torment. The separation of loved ones to service a stranger is erroneous.Slave labor feeds the master’s family, but distresses the laborer’s family. Slavery brings us new traditions and diversity to the New World. In her book, The Origins of American Slavery, Betty Wood explains her point of view of how slavery came to be and I will be referring to her book. Slave labor is a topic that is very important, because slaves are used to serve others, without being paid. They are used as objects and treated as so. The owner has pow er over the slave’s life, and liberty, â€Å"†¦loss of humanity; that the slave was no longer a person, a man or a woman, but an animal. (Origins10) Slaves are treated this way, even though they harvest the corn we eat. The clothes that the master wears are made by the slave, and with cotton that the slave picked. The land that is being used to harvest by the English, and the Europeans, belongs to the Native slaves, and yet they are being disconnected from their own rightful property. The foreigners are taking advantage of the people, to make themselves wealthy. They are greedy and want all the riches for themselves and no one else. The Europeans and the English fight over land, however that land belongs neither.They came and took over without the permission of the people who were there first. The slaves are moving economy forward, because their labor produces money. Money goes into the economy, and there is the start to a strong New World. Agriculture and trading make it easy for people to live in the New World, and persuades people to come. This also persuades slaves, because they believe that someday they will be free and also gain wealth. The slaves bring new customs to the New World. They bring new ways of cooking, strategies to grow crops, and they bring ideas to the Europeans and English.However the English and the Europeans believe that they are descents of Ham a sinner that is punished with servitude. The slaves are put to work because they are believed to be servants of servants. The appearance of the Africans and their culture comes off as different to the Europeans, and English. However slaves are human beings, whether or not they are said to be descendents of Ham. The first slaves are the Native Americans according to Betty Wood. The reason is because the Natives are already here when the English and the Europeans come.The Natives are lured into slavery, because when the Europeans come, they come with smiles. Not knowing, the Natives get taken advantage of. The Europeans want everything that the Natives have. The Natives eventually become slaves. However, the Europeans bring diseases, and wipe out many of the Natives. It is not only Africans and Natives that are slaves though. Some English and some Europeans are put to work as well, but a conclusion is drawn, that white skin is too weak for labor outside. So that is when they bring the Africans.The Africans also die of diseases, but become immune eventually. Their skin is not weak, and they are known to be the best slaves to have. The Europeans and the English want to civilize the African slaves, because they feel that the way they dress and their lack of intelligence is shocking. However, each culture is different, and it is unfair to change their culture, because changing their culture changes their tradition. And, tradition is not tradition if it is changed. The irony of this is the fact that Africans are traded by their own people in Africa.They are traded t o the Europeans for gold and other objects. They tear these families apart just to be self-centered and greedy. All these things, and yet the slaves keep going. Some try to escape, and get away, but others find death or punishment. Life as a slave is a terrible experience, and only they know what it really feels like to be one. All we can do is read about them and feel appalled and impotent. The Europeans and the English gain power by being leeches. They suck out all the power from the slaves, while they live the life of kings and queens. Luckily, this comes to n end eventually; it only took more than two-hundred years. But, today we are free, because they fight for our freedom. Slavery built the nation that we are today. They are responsible for our freedom and for the nation we are today. At the time they did not know it, but thanks to them today we can be free without chains. We can live life peacefully, and independently. We can walk outside and breathe fresh air without being a fraid. Slavery brought traditions, customs, and most of all diversity. We do not have to worry about being separated from our families.And, most of all we do not have to be afraid. The New World is made of immigrants. Whether brought by force or by choice, this country we are today is made of people from different countries. We made the New World, but we owe most of it to the slaves. They are the ones who work hard and experience torment so that today we can be free. Slaves make the New World succeed, economically and culturally. We are now equal to each other, no more anguish. Work Cited Wood, Betty. The Origins of American Slavery: Freedom and Bondage in the English Colonies. New York: Hill and Wang, 1998. Print.

Distinguishing Bipolar and Bpd Disorders

Distinguishing Bipolar and BPD Disorders Tonjanika Boyd North Carolina Central University Introduction Bipolar and Borderline Personality Disorder are mood and personality disorder respectively, that have had many challenges amongst psychiatrist in differentiation. Not only does the two disorders share several symptoms and associated impairments, there is also continuing debates in the psychiatric literature about whether the two disorders actually represent different conditions (Hatchet, 2010).The following paper compares and contrasts Bipolar and Borderline Personality Disorders and discusses implications of differential diagnosis of the disorders that can lead to long-term effects for the patient due to the fundamentally different treatment each disorder needs. Comparison of Bipolar and Borderline Personality Disorder Bipolar Disorder According to the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorder, 4th edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), bipolar is a recurrent mood disorder fe aturing one or more episodes of mania or mixed episodes of mania and depression (Antai-Otong, 2008).The bipolar disorders include, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic, and bipolar NOS disorders. Bipolar I disorder includes one or more manic or mixed episodes, usually with a major depressive episode. Bipolar II disorder includes one or two major depressive episodes and at least one hypomanic episode. Cyclothymic disorder includes at least 2 years of hypomanic periods that do not meet the criteria for the other disorders. Bipolar NOS, does not meet any of the other bipolar criteria. The etiology of Bipolar disorder has been researched and documented for many years and has many theories and perspectives.Causative factors include psychodynamic, existential, cognitive behavioral and developmental and complex biologic and genetic factors (Antai-Otong, 2008). Signs and Symptoms (s/s) of Bipolar disorder varies from the type of episode they patient is experiencing. Major de pressive episodes include a depressed mood or lose of interest for at least 2 weeks and five or more of the following: Significant weight loss or gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, worthless feelings or inappropriate guilt, problem concentrating or recurrent thoughts of death.Manic episodes s/s includes, persistent elevated irritable mood of more than one week, increased self-esteem, decreased sleep, increased, increase talk and pressured speech, racing thoughts and ideas, distractibility, extreme goal-directed activity, excessive buying, sex and business investments (Pederson, 2012). In order to have successful treatment of bipolar disorder, a holistic approach is the best therapy. This includes, pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions. Pharmacologic include mood stabilizers, anti-depressants, anti-psychotics and electroconvulsive therapy.There has been a controversy with the use of anti-depressants for treatment due to its effec t with mood stabilizers. It is not a mainstay, but is still prescribe when they are not sure if it is unipolar or bipolar, but becomes dangerous when switching from a depressive episode to a manic or hypomanic episode (Antai-Otong, 2011). Electroconvulsive therapy is the last resort if the mood stabilizers and anti-psychotics fail or when an immediate intervention is needed. Psychotherapeutic intervention is mostly where the nursing care is used more frequently.Psychosocial and behavioral intervention, both fall under the umbrella of psychotherapeutic treatment and are important for more positive treatment outcomes. If a patient is in the acute phase, the nurses’ main focuses are safety and maintain a therapeutic milieu that facilitates resolution of symptoms and minimizes complications. The nurse also educated the client and family about medications, treatment options and other psychotherapies (Antai-Otong, 2011). Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)BPD originated in the 19 30’s, when it was used to describe patients who were on the â€Å"border† between neuroses and psychosis. It is the most common complex and severely impairing personality disorders. According to DSM-IV, it is a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect and marked impulsivity (Swift, 2009). The etiology of BPD includes, genetic predisposition, family history of mood disorders and maybe related to bipolar disorder, physical and sexual abuse. About 2% of the population experiences BPD and mostly female.The symptoms of BPD are maladaptive behavior learnt to make sense of the world and to manage the persistent negative messages received (Eastwick & Grant, 2005). Signs and symptoms, consists of patterns of unstable interpersonal relationships, fear of abandonment, splitting (love or hate), impulsiveness in sex, substance abuse, binge eating and reckless driving, suicidal gestures, such as self-mutilation, intense mood changes that last for hou rs, chronic emptiness, intense anger and transient paranoid ideation (Pedersen, 2012).Managing BPD is challenging and can be emotionally and physically draining for the nurse involved and other members of the healthcare team. The nurse-patient relationship is frequently confrontational due to the patient difficulty with interpersonal relationships and dysfunctional emotional regulation, which results in aggression towards the nurse. Evidence has shown that people experiencing BPD are more likely to harm themselves than others (Swift, 2009). Treatment of BPD requires an integrated psychobiologic approach that includes, pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions.This combination is called psychopharmacologic therapy. There have been many variations of drugs used to treat BPD, due to limited success. There has been limited success in the use of psychotropic medications in clients with borderline personality disorder. Mood stabilizers, anti-depressants and anti-psychotics are onl y effective in providing relief in the symptoms of difficulty controlling behaviors, impulsivity, self-injurious behaviors and depression (Antai-Otong, 2011).Diagnostic Dilemma of Bipolar and BPD Disorder According to the criteria outlined in the DSM-IV-TR there is a systematic difference between patients with BPD and bipolar disorder. It was found that patients with bipolar II exhibited mood swings that varied between euthymia, elation and depression and mood swings with BPD rotated between euthymia, anger and anxiety. A diagnosis between the two boiled down to how the emotional and behavioral instability exhibited by a client is conceptualized.In other words, a counselor must decide whether the symptoms are best attributed to an acute mood disorder or they are just the latest manifestations of a more chronic problem (Hatchett, 2010). The challenge is not the case of being able to rule out acute episodes of mania, but when assessing the possibility of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder or a mixed episode. The actual definition of rapid cycling is often misunderstood in the mental health community and ruling out mixed episode is even a greater test in distinguishing between bipolar and BPD, due to many patients not having an accurate history of their symptoms.This is important because, according to DSM-IV-TR (2000) â€Å"The individual experiences rapidly alternating moods (sadness, irritability, euphoria) accompanied by symptoms of a Manic Episode†¦and a Major Depressive Episode† (p. 362). It becomes difficult and nearly impossible to distinguish a mixed episode from the chronic anger and dysphoria common to those with BPD. Repercussions for differentiating between the disorders for treatment are evident for counselors who are responsible for creating and implementing treatment plans. Accurate diagnosis is fundamental for effective treatment.A diagnosis of Bipolar disorder is treated with psychoactive medication, whereas for BPD patients, that is not effective as a mainstay of therapy. When BPD is appropriately diagnosed, it encompasses a more holistic approach of intervention strategies, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Those who consider BPD to be a variant of bipolar disorder contend that treatment should proceed with mood stabilizers and atypical anti-psychotics and those on the other side of the debate recommend an intensive psychotherapy model, such as DBT (Hatchett, 2010).Conclusion Careful consideration to distinguish more accurately the difference between an acute mood disorder and a more chronic and pervasive personality disorder through the diagnostic process is essential. A mood disorder is discerned by distinct episodes of mania, hypomania, or depression that continue for specified periods and a personality disorder is characterized by persistent and rigid patterns of maladaptive behavior and intrapersonal experience that influence areas of functioning.I feel the debate between differential diagnosis of t hese disorders can at least shift towards a solution by considering an overhaul in the definition and placement of mood and personality disorders in Axis I and II. Through Axis II was developed to encourage clinicians to consider more enduring personality characteristics that may impact treatment, as Fowler et al (2007) pointed out, some Axis I disorders are actually more chronic than many Axis II disorders, which are more likely to remit than is commonly believed.Also, I noticed through my research that maybe there needs to be another type of assessment tool created when assessing patients for mood or personality disorders or specific training on how to distinguish between BPD an bipolar disorder to ensure more accurate diagnosis. For the DSM-V now being drafted, proposals have been made to either eliminate personality disorders altogether or integrate theme into Axis I. In that scenario BDP might be reclassified as a mood or impulse control disorder (Hatchett, 2010).Distinguishing between Bipolar and BPD disorder is significant for the patient, treatment teams, family and mental health community, due to the major difference in the treatment plans for each disorder. Recognizing which disorder the patient has is fundamental in positive outcomes as they progress through the proper comprehensive psychopharmacologic therapy. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed. , text rev. ). doi:10. 1176/appi. books. 9780890423349.Antai-Otong, D. (2008). Psychiatric Nursing: Biological and Behavioral Concepts, 2nd ed. , Thomson, Delmar Learning. Hatchett, G. T. (2010). Differential Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder from Bipolar Disorder: Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 32:3, 189-205. Pederson, D. D. (2012). Psych Notes: Clinical Pocket Guide, 3rd ed. , F. A. Davis Co. Philadelphia. Swift, E. (2009). Borderline personality disorder: aetiology, presentation and therapeutic relationship: Mental Health Nursing, 13:3, 22-25.